A perennial herbaceous plant of the Adonis genus, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, Adonis vernatum has long been used in folk medicine for diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, dropsy and nervous disorders. As a result of a detailed scientific study of its healing properties, medicines were created based on it, which are successfully used to this day. In nature, spring Adonis is found in the western part of Russia, the Volga region, the North Caucasus, Eastern and Western Siberia, Ukraine, Southern and Central Europe. It is also grown as an ornamental plant. Thanks to its appearance, it received quite interesting folk names such as adonis, Montenegrin, hairy grass, hairy grass, hare grass, starodubka, hare poppy, yellow flower.
Chemical composition of Adonis
The culture contains more than 20 different types of glycosides, among which are cymarin and adonitoxin. Their concentration in dry grass reaches 0.15%.
In addition, the chemical composition of spring adonis includes the following components:
- saponins;
- phytosterol;
- vitamin C;
- alkaloids;
- flavonoids;
- tannins;
- adonitol, adonicolic acids;
- coumarins;
- alcohols adonit and adonidulzin;
- mineral salts;
- strophanthin;
- organic acids.
Important! Adonis belongs to the category of poisonous plants, so precautions must be taken when using it.
Description of Adonis and its prevalence
Adonis is a poisonous plant. It is a thick, short rhizome, on which 3-4 stems appear during the flowering period, from the end of April to the last days of May. They can have a length from 5 to 40 cm. At the rhizome, the stems are completely covered with pinnately dissected brown leaves.
Adonis flowers are bright yellow and quite large. They are located singly, and their diameter reaches 5 cm. After two months of flowering, small oval-shaped fruits appear on the plant. Fruiting continues until the end of July.
Adonis spring, or adonis, prefers open, dry soils. The plant is widespread in the chernozem zones of steppes and forest-steppes of Russia and Ukraine. It is found on hillsides, as well as among bushes and forest edges. Adonis occupies especially numerous territories in Bashkiria.
Beneficial properties of the adonis plant
The list of medicinal properties of adonis is very impressive, which is due to its rich chemical composition. This herb has been proven effective for cardiovascular diseases, as it helps normalize heart rate, improve blood circulation, and prevent shortness of breath.
Due to its healing properties, spring adonis is also used to relieve nervous disorders. Remedies based on this herb help get rid of cramps. They are also prescribed for the treatment of psychosis, including drug and alcohol abuse.
Spring adonis also has diuretic properties. Herbal decoctions and infusions help cleanse the body of waste and toxins, as well as remove stones from the kidneys and ureters.
Healing adonis helps strengthen the immune system, so it is used to treat infectious diseases. Spring adonis is also recommended for dry, painful cough. Due to the analgesic effect of this herb, it can also be used to reduce the unpleasant symptoms of rheumatic pain and muscle strains.
The use of Adonis for the treatment of:
- chronic heart failure;
- stagnation of urine;
- neuroses;
- nervous excitability;
- dropsy;
- heart disease;
- VSD;
- measles;
- whooping cough;
- tonsillitis;
- scarlet fever;
- ARVI;
- epilepsy;
- glaucoma;
- obesity;
- swelling;
- seizures;
- drug withdrawal.
In terms of medicinal properties, the Adonis herb is similar to cuckoo adonis, but the latter has not found wide use in conventional and folk medicine.
Adonis was included in medical practice by Dr. Bubnov at the end of the 19th century. after careful study
The use of Adonis vernalis in folk medicine
The presence of cardiac glycosides in Adonis determines its therapeutic effect. The plant contains: cardiac glycosides, saponins, coumarins, alcohols, ascorbic and other acids, salts of magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, tannins.
- Adonis is used for chronic circulatory failure, heart rhythm disturbances, coronary heart disease, hypertension, swelling of the legs, neurocirculatory and vegetative-vascular dystonia, functional disorder of the central nervous system (irritability, increased excitability, sleep disorders), alcohol and drug agitation, astheno-neurotic syndrome, epilepsy, neuroses, psychoses.
- As a result of the use of Adonis preparations, the following occurs: a decrease in shortness of breath, the disappearance of interruptions in the functioning of the heart, a decrease in swelling of the legs associated with heart failure. Blood pressure normalizes, headaches and dizziness decrease.
- Adonis vernacular herb, as a folk remedy, has long been used in the treatment of kidney diseases with symptoms of cardiovascular failure. Adonis is effective as a diuretic for kidney infections and urolithiasis.
- Suppression of the cough center gives scope for the use of adonis in the treatment of prolonged paroxysmal cough in whooping cough, pneumonia, and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
- Adonis helps with pain in joints, muscles, and rheumatic symptoms.
- A very pronounced effective therapeutic effect is obtained when taking adonis together with other plants containing cardiac glycosides - for example, lily of the valley.
- Reduces the toxic effect of hyperthyroidism on the heart muscle; for this, take Adonis herb in combination with budra, peppermint, oregano, violet, cucumber, calendula and chamomile flowers, equal amounts of all herbs, and three times more cold water, leave for a day, bring to a boil, immediately turn off, cool, consume 100 ml three times a day after meals.
- Used for glaucoma, hepatitis.
Adonis herb is used in traditional medicine recipes in the form of infusion and drops in alcohol.
Adonis harm
Adonis herb should be used with caution for medicinal purposes. This is due to the presence of potent components in its composition. Exceeding the dosage may cause intoxication of the body. It is recommended to discuss the use of Adonis for medicinal purposes with your doctor in advance.
Important! Uncontrolled use of products based on spring adonis, as well as ignoring the permissible norm, can be harmful to health.
In case of overdose, the following side effects may occur:
- limb spasms;
- arrhythmia;
- increased fatigue;
- drowsiness;
- digestive system disorders.
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If there are alarming signs, it is recommended to rinse the stomach, increase water consumption and drink activated carbon at the rate of one tablet per 10 kg of body weight. After this, you should remain in bed.
Important! If you are intoxicated with Adonis herb, taking drugs that cause vomiting is strictly prohibited.
Recipes and uses of adonis
There are quite a few ways to prepare medicines based on it, but the classic one is considered the most universal among them. This is an infusion that is prepared according to the following principle. Pour 350 ml of boiling water into a tablespoon of dry plant. Next, keep it for half an hour and drink a teaspoon after meals three times a day. Remember that use is carried out only under the supervision of a herbalist or attending physician. Since it is he who will be able to see even the slightest changes in health and prevent the occurrence of negative consequences.
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Basically, each drug has its own instructions, which describe the method of preparation and administration as clearly as possible, but if something is not clear, you can always ask your doctor about it.
Very often, to increase the effectiveness of drugs, you can add additional components, and in this case, plants. Most often these can be:
- heather;
- oregano;
- peppermint;
- marshmallow;
- cyanosis;
- lemon balm;
- valerian;
- chicory.
For chronic heart failure and cardiac neuroses
The following medicinal composition can have a positive effect on eliminating these manifestations. It consists of:
- 2 tbsp. l. finely chopped adonis;
- 200 ml of boiling water.
Combine all components and leave for half an hour. After this, pass through the filter and drink 20 ml in three approaches per day.
In case of heart disease
The most common manifestation of diseases of this organ is tachycardia. You can eliminate it using the following collection. Take in equal quantities:
- watch leaves;
- lemon balm;
- mistletoe sprouts;
- Adonis herb;
- motherwort;
- snita;
- calendula;
- birch;
- horsetail;
- clover flowers.
Mix the plant materials, separate 12 g from the total amount and mix with 350 ml of hot water. Let the mixture sit for several hours and strain. Drink what you receive in 4 doses.
For nervous system dysfunction
The following remedy will be relevant for increased excitability. It requires:
- 1⁄2 tablespoon of herb;
- 250 ml hot water.
Combine everything and place in a bath for 5 minutes. Then leave for another half hour. Pass through the filter. It can be used by children and adults. For children, the dose is half a teaspoon 3-5 times a day. Adults take a spoon full.
For diseases of the nervous system, it is recommended to take the following plant compound:
- celandine;
- nettle;
- adonis herb;
- watch leaves;
- sweet clover;
- St. John's wort;
- fireweed;
- oat straw;
- dog-rose fruit;
- chamomile flowers;
- lemon balm;
- motherwort;
- strawberries
Take all components equally. The method of preparation is the same as in the decoction for heart problems.
For thyroid health
The following compound can help eliminate unpleasant manifestations of thyroid diseases:
- peppermint;
- oregano;
- violet;
- Adonis;
- chamomile;
- cottonweed;
- calendula flowers.
The components must be in equal quantities. Separate 10 g from the total collection and add 300 ml of cold water. Leave for a day. Afterwards, place the water infusion on the stove and boil. Next, let it cool. The daily amount is 300 ml, which is divided into 3 doses after meals.
For bronchial asthma
This combination of ingredients has proven itself to be quite effective in relieving attacks of bronchial asthma. The components must be in the same volume:
- elecampane root;
- coltsfoot;
- violet;
- thyme;
- Adonis.
Separate 2 tablespoons of the plant mixture and pour into a thermos. Cover with 0.5 liters of boiling water. Insist for an hour. Before taking it, pass it through several layers of gauze and warm it up a little. A single dose is 100 ml. Repeat the procedure three times a day.
For insomnia
To eliminate sleep disturbances, it is necessary to prepare an alcohol infusion. To do this, take:
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- chopped grass;
- 40% alcohol.
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Pour the liquid over the plant material. The ratio should be 1 to 10. Place the container with the contents in a place protected from sunlight for 10-15 days. Drink 3 times a day, 15-20 drops.
If you suffer from cramps
If you are exhausted from such constant unpleasant sensations, then use this remedy. For this you need to take:
- 1 tbsp. l. chopped grass;
- 1.5 cups boiling water.
Pour the finely chopped raw materials into a dark glass container and place it somewhere out of direct sunlight for 2 weeks. After the allotted time, strain everything and consume a tablespoon 3 times a day.
For constipation
To facilitate the excretion of feces and improve intestinal motility, you can drink this decoction. Mix for it:
- 5 parts buckthorn bark;
- 2 parts each of elderberry flowers and fennel fruits;
- 1 part adonis.
Separate a tablespoon of the plant mixture and cover with 250 ml of boiled water. Steam for 30 minutes and then drink 1⁄2 cup after meals several times a day.
Against myositis
This is another option for a miraculous drink that will help with this ailment. For it you will need:
- a tablespoon of crushed adonis herb;
- 0.25 liters of boiling water.
Combine everything and leave for an hour. Next, drink a tablespoon 3 times a day.
Against cough
For prolonged coughing attacks, prepare a mixture from this plant. Believe me, the result will pleasantly surprise you. For her, take:
- 6 g Adonis tincture;
- the same amount of bromide;
- 0.2 g codeine phosphate.
Mix everything and drink a dessert spoon three times a day. It has proven its effect more than once, especially with problems with the bronchi.
For infertility
Many married couples suffer from problems with conceiving a baby, which can be primary or secondary. Traditional medicine will help with this. Adonis-based products must be taken by both partners, since the disease affects women and men. It tends to increase male erection and improve sperm quality. The most universal drink that can eliminate both types of problems with conception is a decoction. It can be prepared from:
- tablespoon of herbal component;
- 200 ml of boiled water.
Mix everything and wrap it up. Let it sit for a while, 2-3 hours. Strain the medicine and drink it instead of tea throughout the day.
For dropsy
The collection will help eliminate this problem. Connect:
- Birch buds;
- Adonis;
- bearberry;
- horsetail
An amount of no more than a spoon of each component is poured with purified water and placed in the oven for 120 minutes at low temperature. Then cook over low heat for another 5 minutes. Take a tablespoon every hour. It is advisable not to consume salt during treatment, take a bath once every 2 days, and give the body proper rest.
From stones in the genitourinary tract
Eliminating this problem is quite difficult and it is not always necessary to immediately resort to surgical intervention. For small-sized formations, the following mixture can help:
- 2 parts parsley;
- 1 part shepherd's purse and adonis;
- 1.5 parts of juniper berries, dandelion, omentum roots, bearberry leaves.
Mix all this and separate 2 teaspoons. Next, cover with 200 ml of very hot water and let it soak for a while. She must spend half an hour there. At the end of the allotted time, consume 0.1 liter two or three times a day.
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For sore throat
A decoction of the plant's seeds will help relieve sore throats due to sore throats and colds. To prepare, take:
- a handful of plant seeds;
- linden honey;
- cognac;
- glass of water.
Boil water and combine with seeds. He should spend a quarter of an hour on the fire. Cool and combine with 250 ml of linden honey and heat again. Let it cool again and pour in another 25 ml of cognac. Application options are that after half an hour you should consume a tablespoon of the miracle drink.
For pain in the intestines
Take by:
- 1 part herb main component and fennel seeds;
- 2 - mint;
- 3 – chamomile and buckthorn bark.
Pour the freshly boiled purified liquid over everything and hold for 45 minutes. Take three times before meals.
For bronchospasm in a child
Combine the following components in this ratio 5:2:2:1:1:
- series;
- chamomile;
- thyme;
- violet;
- adonis seeds.
Mix everything thoroughly and separate a handful of the compound. Next, pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes. After this, strain it and sweeten it. Drink before you go to bed and between meals. You should not store it, as the drug will lose its beneficial qualities.
If such a symptom appears in a child, you should be very careful when eliminating it using this remedy. Exceeding the recommended dose may lead to poisoning. Here are the daily doses:
- children under 6 months – 0.03 g;
- 6 months – year – 0.05;
- 1-2 years – 0.1;
- up to 4 years – 0.15;
- up to 6 years – 0.2;
- up to 9 – 0.3;
- up to 14 – 0.3-0.5.
Contraindications for Adonis
Like all medicinal herbs, adonis has a number of contraindications. Therefore, before starting therapy, you need to familiarize yourself with them.
Contraindications:
- angina pectoris;
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- colitis;
- hypertension;
- gastritis;
- peptic ulcer;
- bradycardia;
- increased blood clotting;
- age up to three years.
Also, products based on this medicinal herb are contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to the component. If an allergy develops, use should be stopped completely.
pharmachologic effect
The value of Adonis vernalum in medicine is explained by the glycosides found in the plant. About 25 cardiac glycosides have been found in Adonis, which can slow down the heart rate. Glycosides lengthen diastole, increase stroke volume, enhance systole, and inhibit conduction inside the heart. When used, this medicinal plant promotes vasodilation, it has a sedative, analgesic, moderate diuretic and laxative effect. Reviews about Adonis say that the use of drugs from the plant does not cause addiction and accumulation in the body, so they can be used for a long time.
Rules for using the Adonis plant
Due to its medicinal properties, Adonis vernalis is widely used in traditional medicine. An extract based on it acts as an active component of Bekhterev's mixture, which has a sedative effect. It is recommended to use the drug twice a day, 1 tbsp. l.
Bekhterev's mixture is prepared upon presentation of a doctor's prescription
Also based on this medicinal herb, tincture and tablets “Adonis-Bromine” are produced. In the first case, it is recommended to take 15-20 drops once a day, and in the second - 2-3 times a day, one tablet.
Important! When treating with Adonis, self-medication is unacceptable, since only an experienced specialist will be able to assess the health risk in each specific case.
Making your own Adonis tincture
It is easy to prepare a concentrated adonis tincture on your own, which will help with nervous disorders and heart diseases. Regular use of the product will help normalize heart function, cope with depression, breakdowns, and sleep disorders.
Step-by-step folk recipe:
- Place fresh or dried herbs (two tablespoons) into a bottle for infusion. If you use fresh leaves of the plant, first cut them into small pieces.
- Pour the plant component with alcohol, homemade pervach (300 ml).
- Close the bottle, shake vigorously several times, thoroughly mixing the contents.
- Leave to infuse for a month in a cold room, during this period shake the composition regularly.
- Strain and store in a cool place out of the reach of children.
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Use the tincture twice - after breakfast and dinner. Recommended dosage – 15 ml. It is allowed to mix with water in equal quantities, especially if alcohol components are poorly tolerated.
It is forbidden to carry out traditional treatment for more than a month. If you cannot cope with the disease, you are allowed to take another course of home remedies, but first take a break of 1-2 weeks.
Collection and storage rules
Adonis practically does not develop in artificial conditions. The grass can be found on forest edges and hills of Crimea, Western Siberia, the Caucasus and central regions of Europe. The maximum amount of useful substances in spring adonis is formed during flowering, so the collection of medicinal raw materials should be carried out in April. In this case, only the tops with flowers should be cut to 1/3 of the length. This will allow the plant to quickly recover and grow.
Important! It is strictly forbidden to uproot the Adonis grass, since its numbers are decreasing every year.
The collected shoots should be dried in a well-ventilated area, out of direct sunlight. For long-term storage of medicinal herbs, it is recommended to use canvas bags. The shelf life of raw materials is one year.
Botanical description
Adonis vernatum grows along the outskirts and edges of deciduous forests, groves, meadows, open clearings, hills, mountain slopes and pastures. Propagated by seeds and rhizomes. Rhizomes are planted in moist soil in autumn or early spring. Freshly harvested mature seeds are sown in summer (June-July), immersing them 1.5 - 2 cm deep into the soil.
The rhizome of spring adonis is dark brown in color, vertical, shortened, thick (up to 4 cm in diameter), with a large number of cord-like roots.
The stems of the plant are erect, round in cross-sectional shape. At the base they are bare, covered with sparse lower leaves in the form of filmy scales of brown color. At the beginning of Adonis flowering, the height of all stems does not exceed 20 cm, then gradually the central stem lengthens and branches, with the branches exceeding the central stem in length. During the fruiting period, the plant reaches a maximum height of 40–50 cm.
The leaves located at the bottom of the stem have petioles, and those closer to the top are sessile. The leaf blade is broadly ovoid in outline, palmately divided into narrow-linear, entire-edged lobes, pointed at the apex, 1–2 cm long and no more than 1 mm wide.
Adonis blooms in April and May. The flowers are 4–6 cm in diameter, rich yellow, solitary, located one at a time at the top of the stem and branches. Calyx 5 – 8-leafed, green, pubescent with short hairs. The sepals are broadly ovate, 1–2 cm long, and blunt at the top. The corolla consists of 12 - 20 free petals of oblong obovate shape, the length of the petal is on average 3 cm. Each flower contains a large number of stamens and pistils arranged spirally on a cone-shaped receptacle.
The fruits are multi-nutlets, 2 cm long and 1.2 cm wide. They ripen in June-July and consist of 30 – 40 gray-green achenes with a short hook-shaped nose.
Interesting: There are several opinions about the origin of the name Adonis. According to one of them, the flower received this name on behalf of the handsome Greek youth Adonis, with whom Aphrodite was in love. According to another version, the plant was named in honor of the young Phoenician god Adon, who personifies the annual dying and revival of nature.
Growing
To obtain Adonis at home, use freshly harvested seeds. They plant without delay - in November. The planting depth is 1-2 cm. For perennials, it is better to take seeds from seven-year-old bushes. Planting begins in March in greenhouses, in soil consisting of turf soil, humus (1:1 ratio) and sand (3 times more is required). After 15-20 days at 5 degrees Celsius, seedlings will begin to appear. You can sow the seeds in seedling boxes, place them in a cold room or basement, and then bury them in the snow. Shoots will appear in the spring, when the air warms up to 20 degrees. Some specimens will hatch in a year.
Seedlings need diffused bright light and light protection from direct sunlight, and in addition, daily watering and careful loosening of the soil. It should be drained, light, enriched with lime and organic matter.
The grown greenery is thinned out, leaving 15-25 cm between plants. Adonis does not like frequent transplants, so it can be immediately transferred to open ground in late spring or early autumn. It takes at least a month for the seedlings to take root.
The root in the hole should feel free, being in an upright position and not wrap up. The planted plants are watered and the soil around them is mulched with peat.
Caring for Adonis involves frequent moistening and loosening the resulting crust on the top layer of soil. From time to time, the bushes are hilled up to cover the renewal buds located at the base of the stem with soil.
If necessary, the plant is fed with complex fertilizer, most often this happens before flowering. The buds that appear cannot be cut off for at least two years, because at this time the formation of renewal buds begins, which must not be damaged.
Adonis reaches full development only after 5 years, as it grows slowly.
Origin
The Greeks created beautiful legends about its origin. One of them says that Aphrodite treated the young man Adonis with tenderness. Despite the warnings, the young man went into the forest alone to hunt. There he died from the fangs of a boar. Having lost her beloved, the goddess suffered greatly and turned him into a beautiful flower. Since then, burning flowers (adonis) have been blooming at the site of the tragedy.
According to another version, the name of the plant is associated with the Phoenician sun god Adon - the personification of the annual extinction and revival of the vital forces of nature.
