Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
According to Wikipedia, a solution of potassium chloride is intended to restore water and electrolyte balance . In moderate doses, the drug has a negative bathmotropic and chronotropic effect, in higher dosages it is characterized by negative dromotropic and inotropic effectiveness, and also exhibits a moderately pronounced diuretic (diuretic) effect.
The introduction of small doses of potassium helps to dilate the coronary vessels , and the use of large dosages narrows . The use of potassium preparations enhances the transmission of nerve intercellular impulses , and in the case of intravenous administration, it helps to increase the secretion of adrenaline .
The drug activates a large number of cytoplasmic enzymes , corrects osmotic intracellular pressure, protein replication , skeletal muscle contractility and amino acid transport. Reduces conductivity , heart rate , contractile activity, excitability and automatism of the myocardium . Increasing the content of this microelement in the body reduces the possibility of toxic effects of cardiac glycosides .
Indications for use
The use of Potassium Chloride is indicated for:
- hypokalemia (including patients with diabetes mellitus , vomiting , prolonged diarrhea , as well as patients using glucocorticoids , some diuretics and antihypertensive drugs);
- prevention and treatment of paroxysmal tachycardia , glycoside intoxication , ectopic arrhythmias (in the acute period of myocardial infarction ).
Method of obtaining
The element is synthetic, that is, it is obtained only in laboratory conditions with the appropriate equipment and reagents. To obtain the additive, a chemical technique is often used: hydrochloric acid is combined with potassium hydroxide. The method is based on the difference in solubility rates of raw materials when exposed to high temperatures. There is another equally common method - galurgy and flotation of natural sylvite. It lies in the difference in the properties of elements to remain on the verge of phase separation in liquid media.
The chloride element is also found in living nature. But it cannot be found in a pure element. There are minerals of carnalite and sylvite. Moreover, calcium chloride is also found in sylvinite.
Contraindications
- atrioventricular block (complete);
- hyperkalemia;
- adrenal insufficiency;
- parallel use of potassium-sparing diuretics;
- age under 18 years;
- chronic kidney failure;
- metabolic disorders ( hyponatremia with hypovolemia , acidosis ).
Side effects
- muscle weakness;
- arrhythmias;
- paresthesia;
- allergic manifestations;
- confusion;
- decreased blood pressure;
- heart block;
- hyperkalemia;
- heart failure.
Instructions for use of Potassium Chloride
If indications for use of the drug are diagnosed, Potassium Chloride is prescribed intravenously in a bolus, using potassium chloride in ampoules, or infusion (drip) together with dextrose (5% solution).
In case of intoxication with glycosides, it is recommended to administer potassium chloride in a daily dosage of 2-3 grams, in case of serious intoxication - up to 5 grams.
For hypokalemia occurring with heart rhythm disturbances , 1-1.5 grams are prescribed 4-5 times every 24 hours, with a reduction in dosage after the heart rhythm is .
In case of continuous vomiting or manifestations of severe intoxication that require immediate elimination, use a 4% solution diluted in 40% glucose . 50 ml of the drug is dissolved in a tenfold higher dose (500 ml) of water daily and administered as an infusion with a frequency of 20-30 drops/min. It is also possible to administer by infusion at the rate of 2.5 grams in 500 ml of 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride .
To level out paroxysmal tachycardia, 8-12 grams of the drug are used on the first day, with a further reduction in the dosage to 3-6 grams.
In order to prevent or treat ectopic arrhythmias in the acute period of myocardial infarction , a polarizing mixture is prepared, for which potassium chloride is dissolved in 5-10% dextrose with the addition of short-acting insulin dextrose ).
Release forms
The pure substance is colorless and odorless. These are colorless crystals. Once ground into powder, its color turns white. The consistency and shape resembles table salt. On sale you can find potassium chloride in white, pink or brown. The shade depends on the amount of additives.
Potassium is sold in two forms: crumbly and granular. The composition of the purchased product varies depending on the manufacturer. In general, a standard fertilizer has between 52% and 98% potassium. If the substance is purchased for agricultural activities, it is recommended to take it in grains (the form of small sunflower seeds) or granulate.
Overdose
In case of overdose hyperkalemia , characterized by the following symptoms: muscle hypotonicity , paresthesia of the extremities, arrhythmia , inhibition of atrioventricular conduction, cardiac arrest . The first manifestations of hyperkalemia usually occur when the serum potassium is more than 6 mEq/L (loss of the U wave, if it was present on previous cardiograms; highlighting of the T wave; prolongation of the QT interval; decrease in the ST segment; increase in the QRS complex. Serious symptoms of hyperkalemia ( muscle paralysis and cardiac arrest ) are formed at a plasma content of 9-10 meq/l.
To relieve this condition, intravenous administration of 0.9% sodium chloride and 300-500 ml of 5% dextrose containing insulin (10-20 units/liter) is prescribed. If necessary, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis .
Packaging, transport
The element is produced by powerful corporations in many countries around the world. Packaging is done in tightly sealed containers. The substance is transported by any means of transport, but exclusively in indoor facilities. The element is non-toxic and completely safe. Store it in closed containers. It is extremely important to prevent moisture from entering. Guaranteed shelf life - 1 year. Shelf life is not limited.
Scientists around the world are unanimous in one thing: the usefulness of a food element is many times greater than the possible potential harm from its use. Therefore, the connection is considered completely secure. The element is not prohibited in industrial powers.
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Interaction
Increases the negative bathmotropic and dromotropic effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs .
When used in parallel with cardiac glycosides, it improves their tolerability.
The combined use of Cyclosporine , Heparin , beta-blockers, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs may increase the possibility of hyperkalemia .
special instructions
It should be borne in mind that foods containing large amounts of sodium potassium from the body .
Throughout the use of the drug, it is necessary to monitor the serum content of potassium ions and conduct an electrocardiogram .
When treating symptoms of hypokalemia, the acid-base should be monitored .
It must be remembered that severe hyperkalemia , which can cause death, develops asymptomatically and quite quickly.
The use of potassium chloride as a fertilizer
In addition to the use of potassium chloride in medicine, it is widely used in industry (production of leather substitutes, rubber, etc.), as well as in agriculture as a fertilizer. GOST 4568 95 (state standard) regulates all provisions on production, appearance, packaging, sanitary requirements, methods and methods of use, etc. namely technical and agricultural potassium .
The use of potassium chloride in gardening and gardening, in addition to saturating the soil, has a number of positive aspects for the plants themselves, such as: increased yield, increased resistance to frost, disease, drought, pests, increased shelf life and appearance of fruits and tubers, reduced content they contain nitrates and radionuclides .
The main sphere of influence is perennial fruit and berry plants, vegetable crops and ornamental plantings.
Characteristics of the physical direction
The element is whitish in color and has a crystalline structure. It is odorless and has excellent solubility in aqueous media. Has a pronounced salty taste. The melting point reaches 770 degrees. Boiling occurs at a temperature of 1407 degrees. The element is inert towards alcohols and remains insoluble in them. The molecular formulation of the compound is KCl. It belongs to emulsifiers, stabilizers, true salt substitutes, therefore it is introduced into many industries.
Content:
- Characteristics of the physical direction
- Method of obtaining
- Effect on the body
- Harm to the body
- Benefit
- Application area
- The legislative framework
- Packaging, transport
Analogs
Level 4 ATC code matches:
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride
Magnesium sulfate
Sodium chloride
Rheosorbilact
Reamberin
Analogs of the drug, according to the ATX code up to the fourth digit, are solutions: Calcium Chloride and Sodium Chloride , Xylate , Glyxil , Magnesium Sulfate , Laktoxyl , Soda-Buffer , Reamberin , etc.
Price of Potassium Chloride, where to buy
In Russian pharmacies you can buy Potassium Chloride 30 mg/ml: 100 ml – 40-45 rubles; 200 ml – 50-55 rubles.
You can buy Potassium Chloride 150 mg/ml: 100 ml – 45-50 rubles; 200 ml – 55-65 rubles.
- Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
ZdravCity
- Potassium chloride conc.
for prig solution for inf. 75 mg/ml 200 ml 28 pcs. JSC Dalkhimfarm 2980 rub. order - Potassium chloride conc. for prig. r-ra d/inf. 40 mg/ml 10 ml No. 10 Grotex LLC
86 rub. order
Pharmacy Dialogue
- Potassium chloride (amp. 4% 10ml No. 10)Grotex LLC
60 rub. order
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Pharmacy24
- Potassium chloride 7.5% 10 ml solution TOV "Yuriya-Pharm", Ukraine
22 UAH. order - Potassium chloride 7.5% 20 ml TOV Yuria-Pharm, Ukraine
40 UAH order
- Potassium chloride 4% 50 ml solution ZAT"Infusion", Ukraine
25 UAH order
PaniPharmacy
- Potassium chloride infusion Potassium chloride solution for inf. 4% 50 ml Ukraine, Infusion JSC
21 UAH order
- Potassium chloride infusion Potassium chloride conc. d/r-ra d/inf.7.5% 10ml Ukraine, Yuria-Pharm LLC
22 UAH order
- Potassium chloride infusion Potassium chloride conc. d/r-ra d/inf.7.5% 20ml Ukraine, Yuria-Pharm LLC
34 UAH order
- Potassium chloride infusion Potassium chloride solution for inf. 4% 100ml Ukraine, Infusion JSC
36 UAH order
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Reviews
Victor. I use potassium chloride on my site regularly. I achieve better results when combining fertilizer with phosphorus. But I can’t recommend this mixture to everyone. Still, you need to look at the type of soil. Differs in high performance and positive results.
Vasilisa Andreevna. I actively use fertilizer powder for garden shrubs and flower gardens. I fertilize with potassium three times throughout the season. It's good to do mulching. This method revives even mature shrubs and trees.
