What medications do doctors prescribe for the treatment of sinusitis - 6 types of medications

In severe cases of inflammatory disease, it is recommended to use intramuscular antibiotics. Some types of drugs:

1. Penicillins. They are highly effective against most bacteria that cause sinusitis. These include Augmentin, Amoxil, Flemoxin solutab, Amoxicillin, etc.
2. Cephalosporins of the second and third generations. Refers to beta-lactam antibiotics. This group of drugs includes Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Suprax, etc.
3. Macrolides. They are the drugs of choice in case of individual intolerance to penicillins or cephalosporins. These are Azithromycin, Klacid, Sumamed, etc.
4. Fluoroquinolones. They act predominantly on gram-negative microflora. They do not accumulate in tissues and are quickly eliminated from the human body. Includes Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, etc.

Antibiotics should be taken for 5-14 days, depending on the doctor's prescription. You cannot interrupt the prescribed course, as this can lead to chronicity of the inflammatory process or the development of resistance of the infectious agent to antibiotics.

In case of a chronic inflammatory condition or a mild form of the disease, the use of antibiotics in the form of a spray to irrigate the nasal mucosa will be sufficient. The most effective drugs are Isofra and Polydexa.

Anti-inflammatory drugs - when to take?

To alleviate the course of the disease, anti-inflammatory drugs are used; these drugs for sinusitis help relieve pain and inflammation, and improve the patient’s well-being. The most effective means are based on nimesulide. These are Nise, Nimesil, etc. They need to be taken 1 to 3 times a day, in a short course. More frequent use is not advisable, since they can lead to the development of side effects (adversely affect the mucous membrane of the digestive tract).

Vasoconstrictors

Drugs with a vasoconstrictor effect are prescribed in the presence of nasal congestion. Nasal drops or spray are used not only to relieve swelling and to facilitate nasal breathing. The procedure is carried out before rinsing the nose. This will ensure the flow of medicinal substances to the paranasal sinuses and improve the outflow of secretions from the sinuses. For sinusitis, Vibrocil, Naso-spray, Galazolin, etc. are used.

Mucolytics purpose of use

In the purulent form of the disease, mucolytics are used to liquefy the contents of the paranasal sinuses. These drugs have the ability to reduce the viscosity of secretions, stimulate their outflow and cleanse the sinuses.

Mucolytics are most often used in the form of tablets or syrups - ACC, Fluditec, Mucodin, Acetylcysteine. The additional use of Rinofluimucil spray, which contains acetylcysteine, will help enhance the effectiveness of the drugs. It must be sprayed first on the membrane of one nostril, and then on the second. The product destroys disulfide bonds, which ensures liquefaction of the secretion. An additional advantage of Rinofluimucil is its ability to constrict blood vessels and eliminate swelling.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines can help relieve some of the symptoms of sinusitis, such as nasal itching and swelling. Suppress the production of mucus and prevent the accumulation of secretions in the tissues of the nose. They should be used as prescribed by a doctor, since frequent use of antihistamines can lead to the development of excessive dryness of the mucous membrane. This is extremely undesirable for sinusitis, since unfavorable conditions are created for pathogenic microorganisms.

Antiallergic drugs include Suprastin, Tavegil, Loratek, etc. They should be taken once a day for 3-5 days.

Antifungal

Antimycotic drugs are prescribed only in cases where the development of pathology is caused by a fungal infection. In this case, Nystatin, Fluconazole, Lamikon, Terbinafine, etc. are used.

Hormonal

Hormonal drugs are indicated for use in severe cases of the disease. They show a quick effect - they relieve nasal congestion and inflammation, and restore the sense of smell. They have a powerful anti-allergic effect and reduce mucus production.

The most commonly used hormonal drug is Nasonex, which must be injected into each nasal passage 1-2 times a day. This group of drugs also includes Fluticasone and Beconase.

Antiseptics

An important role in the treatment of sinusitis is played by rinsing the nose with antiseptic solutions. Before the procedure, it is necessary to use vasoconstrictor drops or spray and clear the nasal passages of secretions. This will ensure access of medicinal components to all areas of the mucous membrane. It will clear the lumen of the outlet openings connecting the sinuses and the nasal cavity, and improve the outflow of contents from the maxillary sinuses (for sinusitis).

Washing is carried out 1-2 times a day. The following drugs are used for this:

1. Miramistin. Acts on viruses, bacteria and fungi. Destroys their cell wall, which contributes to the death of pathogens. The only limitation for use is individual intolerance, which can provoke the development of an allergic reaction and further worsen the patient’s condition.
2. Furacilin. 2 tablets should be dissolved in 200 ml of warm water. First, the medicine should be crushed well, and after complete dissolution, strain the liquid through several layers of gauze. The course of treatment with Furacilin is 5-10 procedures.

Herbal remedies

For acute and chronic sinusitis, it is recommended to use herbal remedies. The most popular remedy is Sinupret, which has a complex effect. Available in the form of dragees or drops. Its effectiveness is due to its constituent components - gentian root, elderberry flowers, sorrel and verbena herbs.

The medicine exhibits anti-inflammatory, decongestant, antiviral and antimicrobial effects, helps to liquefy and remove secretions from the paranasal sinuses. Shows immunostimulating properties. Does not lead to addiction. Contraindications for use include liver failure, brain injury, individual intolerance to its constituent components.

For topical use, use Sinuforte spray. The drug removes swelling of the mucous membrane, helps cleanse the nasal passages and sinuses from accumulations of mucus and pus.

Homeopathic

Herbal medicines show good results in the treatment of sinusitis. They should be used in combination with traditional treatment, since they do not have a quick therapeutic effect. Herbal medicines reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and help cleanse the sinuses. Thanks to this, the symptoms accompanying the development of the disease gradually disappear - headache, feeling of fullness in the sinuses, etc.

Effective herbal remedies - Cinnabsin, Euphorbium compositum, etc. The medication is taken for a long time, for 3-4 weeks. This is the only way to achieve complete recovery of the patient and minimize the likelihood of a relapse.

Immunostimulants

Immunostimulants are used for frequent sinusitis and other viral or bacterial infections in humans. With their help, you can activate the body's defenses and strengthen the immune system. This will help him fight the infection on his own and prevent the development of purulent complications. Immunostimulants include Immunal, Ribomunil, etc.

When does a runny nose turn into sinusitis?

In the nasal passages, the air is warmed or cooled to body temperature and also moistened.
This prepares it to enter the lungs for normal gas exchange. During the preparation process, the air masses are cleared of bacteria, dust and other foreign particles, because the lower respiratory tract has a sterile environment. Thus, allergens, foreign proteins and microorganisms settle in the nasopharynx and sinuses, from where they must be eliminated through secretions. If the immune system does not work properly, pathogenic bacteria invade the mucous membranes, causing an inflammatory process. Inflammation of various respiratory passages is called differently in medicine:

• rhinitis – the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity are inflamed;
• – one or both maxillary sinuses are affected;
• sphenoiditis – inflammation of the sphenoid sinus;
• frontal sinusitis - damage to the frontal sinuses;
• ethmoiditis - inflammation of the cavities of the ethmoid bone.

If the inflammation is localized in the paranasal sinuses, they speak of sinusitis. If several sinuses are involved, the disease is called polysinusitis. When all sinuses are affected simultaneously, they speak of pansinusitis.

In the understanding of doctors, rhinitis and sinusitis are closely related. The fact is that inflammation of the nasal mucosa somehow spreads to the membranes of the sinuses and vice versa - damage to the sinuses spreads to other respiratory passages. Increasingly, otolaryngologists use the concept of rhinosinusitis, which combines the conditions listed above.

The relationship between rhinitis and sinusitis

A runny nose accompanies rhinitis, sinusitis and rhinosinusitis. It is caused by excessive activity of epithelial cells due to irritation from bacteria, allergens or dust.

Inflammation of the mucous membranes is accompanied not only by active secretion of snot, but also by swelling. Due to the production of inflammatory mediators, the vessels dilate in them, and blood flows more actively. The membranes thicken repeatedly, narrowing the nasal passages.

In places where the openings are particularly narrow (at the mouths of the sinuses), overlap of the lumens may be observed. In a closed space, pressure increases, creating optimal conditions for the proliferation of microbes. As a result, bacterial sinusitis develops.

Secretions stagnate inside the paranasal sinuses, pyogenic bacteria multiply, and pus appears. This aggravates inflammatory changes and can lead to adverse consequences (spread of infection to the brain, formation of fistulas). Due to their anatomical features, the maxillary sinuses are most susceptible to inflammation. That is why rhinitis is associated with sinusitis as a complication.

Surgical intervention

It is possible to perform an operation when medications are no longer effective, and the accumulated purulent infiltrate in the sphenoid sinuses has spread to the meninges and poses a threat to the development of meningitis.

Today, thanks to the latest technologies, operations to get rid of sinusitis are quick and painless. Even if the inflammatory process has become protracted, then one puncture with a special needle (Kulikovsky) into the medial wall of the nasal cavity and insertion of a drainage tube is enough to remove the accumulated purulent contents and introduce antiseptics for rinsing (Furacilin, Chloraphyllipt).

Puncture is prescribed to patients with inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Before the procedure, it is possible to first administer vasoconstrictors (for bleeding from the capillaries) and painkillers. If polyps appear in the nose, they are first removed with special loops. The puncture is made directly on the side of the wings of the nose, so as not to destroy the sieve plate, located closer to the middle. It is necessary to open and cleanse only the affected cells of the ethmoid labyrinth from accumulations of pus. Manipulations require careful implementation.

If signs of sinusitis are observed together with sinusitis, then a drainage is first installed in the ethmoid bone, then the infiltrate is removed from both sinuses at once.

Hardware techniques help alleviate the patient’s condition:

• maxillary sinusotomy;
• balloon sinuplasty;
• frontotomy;
• laser destruction during the spread of nasal polyps;
• sinus - evacuation for lavage by installing two special catheters for infusion of antiseptics and suction of pathological secretions.

Vasoconstrictor nasal drops

They are most often used for sinusitis in adults. They contain active ingredients from the subgroup of sympathomimetics that act on adrenergic receptors of the nasal mucosa.

As a result, swelling is reduced and the outflow of pathological secretions from the maxillary sinuses is normalized. It is permissible to use vasoconstrictor drops for no longer than 7 days.

With longer therapy, there is a high risk of developing an inflammatory process and swelling of the mucous membrane, which leads to rhinitis and exacerbation of chronic sinusitis.

The list of nasal decongestant drops is quite extensive and includes inexpensive drugs containing naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, and phenylephrine.

Naphthyzin, nasal drops 0.1% (15 rubles)

The active ingredient is naphazoline nitrate, which helps reduce swelling, reduces secretion production, which makes nasal breathing easier.

The drug also ensures the opening and expansion of the excretory ducts of the paranasal sinuses and Eustachian tubes.

The therapeutic effect occurs 5 minutes after nasal irrigation and lasts for 6 hours.

Naphthyzin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components, dry inflammation of the mucous membrane, pregnant women and women during lactation, children under 15 years of age.

Rinonorm-Teva, nasal spray 0.1% (85 rubles)

Rinonorm contains xylometazoline, which is a local adrenergic agonist. It promotes constriction of arterioles, reduces local hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane, and the amount of secretion produced.

The therapeutic effect occurs after 3 minutes and lasts more than 8 hours.

In addition to sinusitis, indications for the use of Rhinonorm include acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis of viral, bacterial, allergic etiology, acute otitis media.

The main contraindications are pregnancy, breastfeeding, age under 10 years, atrophic form of rhinitis, angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity to components, arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism.

Nazivin, nasal spray 0.05% (RUB 140)

The active substance of the drug is oxymetazoline, which exhibits sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor, decongestant effects.

The medication also has an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effect.

The therapeutic effect lasts for 12 hours.

Indicated in the treatment of ARVI, accompanied by congestion, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, to restore drainage and nasal breathing in diseases of the paranasal sinuses.

The use of the drug is prohibited in case of hypersensitivity to the components, increased intraocular pressure, severe cardiovascular pathologies, pheochromocytoma, metabolic disorders, prostate hypertrophy.

Vibrocil, nasal drops (280 rubles)

This combination product contains phenylephrine and dimethindene.

The drug reduces the amount of secretion secreted and helps cleanse the nasal passages without disturbing the physiological functions of the ciliated epithelium and mucous membranes.

Phenylephrine is a decongestant with moderate vasoconstrictor effects. Dimetindene is an antagonist of histamine H1 receptors that exhibits an antihistamine effect.

The drug is used to treat nasal congestion caused by acute respiratory viral infections and bacterial infections in adult patients and children over 2 years of age.

In addition, it has an effective effect on seasonal allergic and vasomotor rhinitis.

Vibrocil, like other vasoconstrictor drugs, is contraindicated for angle-closure glaucoma, arterial hypertension, and pregnant and lactating women.

Causes and features of the development of sinusitis

The appearance of inflammation in the sinus is influenced by:

• anatomical features (ridges, spines or deformations of the nasal septum);
• decrease in the protective mechanisms of the mucociliary system of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses as a result of too frequent use of nasal drops;
• prevalence of viruses, pathogenic microbial flora, protozoa in the environment;
• unfavorable environmental and social factors;
• the presence of chronic foci of infection;
• concomitant chronic diseases;
• insufficiency of vitamins and microelements in the diet;
• frequent psycho-emotional stress;
• general decrease in immunity.

One of the risk factors for developing sinusitis is a deviated nasal septum.

The etiological factors for the development of sinusitis are viruses or a mixed viral-bacterial infection. The most common include influenza viruses, parainfluenza, entero- and adenoviruses. Among the bacterial pathogens identified are streptococci, staphylococci, and hemophilus influenzae. There is an increasing role of gram-negative bacteria, as well as protozoa: mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia, etc.

The main cause of sinusitis is viruses or a mixed viral-bacterial infection.

As a result of primary damage by the viral agent, the mucous membrane of the nose and sinuses swells and begins to actively produce large amounts of secretion. Further, due to a decrease in the diameter of the outlet, mucus stagnates in the sinus cavity. The exudate irritates the surrounding tissues and leads to an even greater increase in edema. The pressure in the sinus cavity increases. Bacterial flora joins in, aggravating congestion and swelling.

The process of remodeling or changing the sinus mucosa during chronic sinusitis creates conditions for the weakening of protective mechanisms and leads to even greater susceptibility to the effects of various types of microorganisms.

Anti-inflammatory and decongestant medications

Afrin

Release form of the drug Afrin

Vasoconstrictor drops, which at the same time significantly moisturize the nasal sinuses, which protects them from excessive drying. To prevent inflammation and reduce the activity of mucus production, two injections should be made into each nasal passage every 10 hours. Afrin should not be used for more than one week. When treating sinusitis, it is better to use these drops only at night.

Rinolux

A good moisturizing spray that at the same time helps relieve inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses. To date, no side effects have been observed when using Rinolux in recommended doses. To treat inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity, press the bottle twice in a vertical position while carefully inserting the applicator into the nasal passage. The procedure is repeated every six hours. If necessary, the number of injections can be increased up to six times. The duration of therapy is no more than six days.

Sinupret

Sinupret in the form of drops

A distinctive feature of these drops is their composition and method of application. Sinupret drops are a completely natural medicine that contains verbena, sorrel and elderberry. The medication is taken orally. Adults with an inflammatory process in the nasal cavity should take 50 drops of Sinupret three times a day. It is advisable to take the medication an hour before meals. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.

Attention! For a good result, you should take vasoconstrictor drugs based on oxymetazoline. Such drugs show a long-lasting effect, which allows reducing the number of daily doses.

Drugs

Mucolytic medications for the treatment of sinusitis:

• Fluditek.
• "Mukodin."
• "Fluimucil."

Preparations are available in the form of a suspension or sweet syrup for children. For adults in the form of capsules, tablets, effervescent soluble tablets. Calculate the dosage taking into account the age and weight of the patient.

The complex drug "Sinupret", which has received many positive reviews, has a complex effect, including mucolytic. It relieves pain, heat and inflammation. It is based on plant components.

Treatment with antihistamines should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. The drugs effectively relieve allergy symptoms, but at the same time thicken mucus and dry out mucous membranes.

Medicines against sinusitis - corticosteroids - are effective in the most severe forms. To relieve side effects, hormonal medications are used in the form of nasal sprays. Products containing beclomethasone are considered common.

Many patients, inspired by advertising, actively use Nasonex in the treatment of sinusitis. But it is worth noting that in comparison with other drugs, this remedy only helps with a runny nose, which is allergic in nature. If the disease is bacteriological, then Nasonex only temporarily eliminates the symptoms.

Tablets for sinusitis

Finding the best remedy for sinusitis is quite difficult, since this disease provokes many complications. Antibacterial therapy will help to cope with the pathology. Such drugs are prescribed to eliminate infection, and they also help prevent the spread of pathogens. However, with a viral course of the disease, they can even be life-threatening.

When using antibacterial agents unnecessarily, many complications can arise. The best results can be achieved by using new generation antibacterial agents, namely Azimitrocin, Augmentin, Cephalosporin. But it is worth remembering that they are effective only in the initial stage of the disease. If after 3 days of using this medicine there is no relief, then broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used.

Clinical manifestations

The main symptoms of sinusitis are:

• intoxication syndrome: fever, headache, general weakness;
• a feeling of heaviness, fullness in the projection of the sinus;
• serous or purulent discharge from one or both halves of the nose;
• decreased sense of smell (hyposmia);
• watery eyes and sneezing.

Discharge may drain down the back of the throat, causing coughing. There may be swelling of the face, cheeks over the affected sinus, or eye sockets.

Acute purulent sinusitis is characterized by: rapid development of fever, symptoms of intoxication, runny nose, hyperemia and swelling of the tissues of the orbital and cheek areas.

Phage therapy is especially effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions against the background of reduced immunity, since the use of bacteriophages stimulates the activation of specific and nonspecific immunity factors.

The disease can be unilateral or bilateral, involving one sinus or affecting all paranasal cavities on one (hemisinusitis) or both sides (pansinusitis).

According to the nature of the course, acute and chronic sinusitis are distinguished; according to the origin, sinusitis can be rhinogenic, odontogenic, nosocomial (nosocomial), bacterial, fungal, allergic.

What medications are recommended?

Treatment for sinusitis is complex, the main thing is to suppress the pathogens that lead to inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. If the disease is viral, the following are used:

• anti-inflammatory tablets (Nazol, Erespal), for local use and restoration of mucous drops (Pinosol, Collargol, Protargol);
• vasoconstrictor sprays, drops, nasal fumigators (Sanorin, Naphthyzin), but cannot be used for a long time to avoid drying out the mucous membrane;
• sulfonamides (Biseptol, Sulfadimethoxine, Sinupret) - tablets for quickly eliminating signs of inflammation, but they cannot be used for a long time, despite being sold in pharmacies without a prescription, the effectiveness will be noticeable after 4 days;
• antiviral drugs (Arbidol, Isoprinonosine, Neovir);
• antimycotics (Miconazole);
• decongestants to relieve swelling;
• antihistamine tablets (Suprastin, Tavegil), if the disease is caused by allergies.

If the cause is bacteria, then taking antibiotics is indispensable, but after conducting a preliminary study to determine the degree of sensitivity of bacteria to the drugs administered for the treatment of sinusitis:

• cephalosporins (Kefzol, Ceforuxin);
• semisynthetic penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox);
• fluoroquinolones (Sparfloxacin, Levofloxacin).

The choice of antibiotics with a treatment course of up to 14 days should have a targeted effect. Most of them can lead to side effects, and they are usually prescribed every 3-4 hours, since some are quickly eliminated from the body.

Cephalosporins are considered to have a wide range of effects on many types of bacteria, and safer drugs for the treatment of sinusitis in adults are macrolides, which can be prescribed to children and women during pregnancy (breastfeeding) with a course of treatment of no more than 3 days.

In severe cases, the following are prescribed:

• tetracyclines - externally for the purpose of treating the nasal cavity;
• aminoglycosides - require careful use; they can affect the functions of the kidneys, liver, and auditory nerve.

The drugs are prescribed in short courses (no more than 5-6 days). For adults in acute cases, a medicine for sinusitis with a wide spectrum of effects is indicated: Azithromycin, Amoxacillin, Ciprofloxacin. Additionally, drops to release mucus from the sinuses: aloe, propolis, eleutherococcus, echinacea.

If you often use antibiotics, dysbiosis may develop, so you need to take additional probiotics, like medicine for sinusitis, that can support the microflora in the intestines and liver function in the acute phase.

Side effects of drug treatment

A side effect of using antibiotics (for example, sumamed) for sinusitis can be a disruption of the microflora in the stomach, which will lead to gastritis and other diseases if measures to prevent this are not taken in time. Also, with prolonged use of an antibiotic, addiction can occur, as a result of which the drug will lose its effectiveness, so the antibiotic should be taken strictly no longer than recommended by the attending physician. The result of long-term use of vasoconstrictor and hormonal drops and drugs will be damage to blood vessels and disruption of the nasopharynx. Other possible side effects for each individual drug are indicated in the instructions for use.

https://www.youtube.com/watchv=_VWFhDdp6P8

ENT doctor Anna Mikhailova

Specialty: Otorhinolaryngologist Work experience: 12 years

Traditional methods of treating sinusitis in adults

Inhalations with an asterisk

This Vietnamese medicine allows you to quickly separate all the mucus and at the same time relieve the inflammatory process from the sinuses. For treatment, add a small amount of Zvezdochka to one liter of boiling water; a substance the size of a match head is enough. Cover yourself with a thick towel and breathe in the solution for five minutes. After the procedure, the patient should blow his nose and immediately lie down to rest. Usually, two or three procedures are sufficient to noticeably reduce mucosal activity. Treatment with Zvezdochka can continue for a week.

Nasal rinsing

For the procedure, you should take Borjomi or Essentuki, but first completely rid them of gas. After this, the mineral water is slightly heated, it is enough to bring it to +36 degrees. You should rinse your nose in this way after intensively blowing your nose first, so that the water goes as deep as possible. Repeat the procedure up to five times a day. The duration of treatment can be 7-14 days until the patient completely gets rid of sinusitis.

Video - Sinusitis: treatment with folk remedies

Kalanchoe drops

The plant allows you to separate a large amount of sputum and at the same time significantly alleviate the patient’s condition. You should be prepared for the fact that after instillation, an active sneezing process will begin, which provokes recovery. For treatment, you should only take the juice of the leaves, which should not take more than five minutes, since the active substances quickly die in the open air. Kalanchoe juice is instilled into adults with sinusitis up to three times a day, three drops into each nasal passage.

Attention! Before using traditional recipes, you should make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the components.

When the first signs of sinusitis appear, you should immediately start taking good antibacterial drugs and special drops, but only if the diagnosis is confirmed. Diagnosis is carried out after an in-person examination by a doctor and an X-ray examination. Typically, treatment of any type of sinusitis does not take more than two weeks, but only if therapy was started in a timely manner and the patient complied with all recommendations and dosages of medications.

Sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses, which is accompanied by many unpleasant symptoms and is dangerous due to its complications. Therefore, if you suspect sinusitis, you cannot waste time, but you must contact an ENT doctor as soon as possible. He will be able to determine the cause, type and severity of the disease, and also select the necessary treatment for the disease. Effective treatment of sinusitis is often achieved through the use of medications, sinus rinsing, and physical therapy. In rare cases, in very severe cases of the disease, surgical therapy is performed. Let's figure out which tablets for sinusitis will have a positive effect in complex treatment.

What doctors prescribe for sinusitis in adults - treatment regimen

Sinusitis requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. When diagnosing this disease, several medications are prescribed. Some of them are aimed at eliminating the cause, the second - eliminating symptoms. A combination of different release forms is effective, which allows it to act on the body in general, directly on the source of inflammation on the nasal mucosa.

The treatment regimen may change and be adjusted depending on the characteristics of the disease. If there is no improvement while following all the doctor’s recommendations, re-diagnosis is required.

What will help with sinusitis - antibiotics

Effective for bacterial sinusitis. Prescribed before and after surgery to prevent complications. The choice of a specific drug is carried out on the basis of laboratory tests (analysis of secretions and blood). Basic antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis:

1. Azithromycin. Available in the form of capsules, tablets and powder for suspension. The main dosages are 125, 250, 500 mg. The active substance is azithromycin, it is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Suitable for use by children over 12 years of age during pregnancy.
2. Amoxiclav. An antibacterial drug based on a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Destroys most common pathogens and rarely causes adverse reactions. The main form of release is tablets, which are prescribed to persons weighing over 40 kg. The course of treatment is up to 10 days, 2-3 tablets per day, depending on the dosage.
3. Augmentin. Direct analogue of Amoxiclav. It has the same pharmacological action and composition. Tablets are available in dosages from 125 mg to 1 g. The course of treatment is limited to 10-12 days.
4. Biseptol. The active ingredients are sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. A powerful antibiotic for the treatment of severe forms of sinusitis. Prohibited for use by children and during pregnancy.
5. Vilprafen. Contains the systemic antibiotic josamycin. It is effective when other antibacterial agents do not have a pronounced effect. Belongs to the group of macrolides and is effective against most pathogens. It is used in a short course with large dosages.
6. Suprax. Dutch drug in capsule form. Contains cefixime, a synthetic antibiotic of the latest generation. The duration of treatment is up to 10 days, it is recommended to take it every 12 hours.
7. Flemoxin solutab. Antibacterial tablets or powder for suspension with amoxicillin. Rarely causes adverse reactions, effectiveness decreases after 10 days of use. After eliminating symptoms, continue treatment for 48 hours.
8. Ceftriaxone. Powder for the preparation of injections for intravenous or muscular administration. Contains 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Prescribed for complex forms of sinusitis. An analogue of the drug is Cefazolin.
9. Tsiprolet. An inexpensive drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Advantage - bacteria slowly develop resistance to the composition. Suitable for long-term treatment of advanced sinusitis. Does not disturb the natural intestinal microflora.
10. Sumamed. Contains azalide, an antibiotic from the macrolide group. It reacts quickly with the infectious agent and demonstrates a long-lasting effect. The disadvantage is a long period of elimination from the body.

It is recommended to purchase antibiotics only from trusted pharmacies. They require strict adherence to storage conditions (humidity, temperature). When exposed to external factors, the effectiveness of the active substance decreases.

If after a full course of treatment there are no visible results, you need to contact a therapist to change the treatment regimen. It is not recommended to change the drug yourself.

How to fight the disease with nasal drops

Topical agents are prescribed for any form and nature of sinusitis. They relieve symptoms, make you feel better and speed up the recovery process. The drops are easy to use and can have different active effects. Fixed assets of this group:

1. Pinosol. Nasal drops with complex action. Relieves swelling and inflammation, reduces the viscosity of secretions, and helps destroy bacterial infections. Contains herbal components, may cause allergies. Suitable for children and adults.
2. Sinuforte. Herbal preparation. Available in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of drops. It affects receptors, enhancing the removal of exudate, relieves swelling and stimulates blood flow. Useful for acute and chronic forms of sinusitis.
3. Complex drops. They are prepared according to an individual recipe. This allows you to adjust the dosage depending on the patient and exclude allergic components from the composition. In practice, they are practically not used - there is a wide range of ready-made pharmaceutical preparations.
4. Protargol. Drops with astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. The composition contains colloidal silver, which may cause allergies. Frequency of use: 1-2 times a day, 2 drops in each nasal passage.

Nasal drops can be used for both active treatment and prevention of sinusitis. During seasonal exacerbations of respiratory diseases, broad-spectrum herbal remedies are used - they moisturize the mucous membrane and stimulate cell immunity.

After instillation, it is recommended to lubricate the nasal passages with moisturizing cream, vegetable oil, or use the hygiene product Malavit.

Ointments

Topical remedies are useful for prolonged sinusitis. They not only have an active pharmacological effect, but also help moisturize the nasal mucosa. Can be used for tamponade. They relieve symptoms for a limited time, which is useful for making you feel better. Effective ointments:

1. Doctor Mom. Local irritant with natural composition. Contains camphor, menthol, turpentine oil. Helps improve breathing and relieve congestion. The ointment is safe for the body and is applied to the inside and outside of the nose.
2. Star. A symptomatic remedy for alleviating respiratory diseases. Eliminates headaches, relieves congestion and normalizes breathing. A small amount of ointment should be applied to the skin in the area of ​​the nose, temples, nostrils and chest. The course of treatment is not limited. The composition is natural, there is a possibility of allergies.
3. Levomekol. Combined ointment with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound-healing effects. It is used for tamponade in infectious sinusitis with the release of purulent exudate. May cause an allergic reaction.
4. Gioksikon. Ointment based on the oxygen form of tetracycline and hydrocortisone. Has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Prohibited during pregnancy. May cause allergies if sensitive to corticosteroids, tetracycline antibiotics.

For children, ointments should be applied by an adult to avoid mechanical damage to the mucous membrane. Topical agents are prescribed as part of complex therapy.

Balm Zvezdochka is recommended for relief of severe forms of sinusitis. Temporarily normalizes breathing, which allows you to relieve discomfort and unpleasant sensations.

What to spray in the nose - sprays

Sprays are products for topical use. The positive effect is achieved through direct contact with the inflamed area. They are an important part of systemic therapy, are easy to use and quickly lead to the desired result. Best nasal sprays:

1. Nasonex. GCS for local use. Helps relieve inflammation, reduces allergic manifestations of sinusitis. Suitable for the prevention of hay fever. Frequency of use – 5-7 times a day.
2. Polydexa. Antibacterial, vasoconstrictor and anti-inflammatory spray based on phenylephrine. Recommended for the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis. It has a number of contraindications and is prohibited during pregnancy. The duration of therapy is no more than 10 days.
3. Isofra. Antibacterial drug for local use. Contains an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. The spray is also used after surgery. The course of treatment is up to 7 days.
4. Rinofluimucil. Complex action product. Helps thin purulent discharge, relieves inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane. Effective for any type of sinusitis. Suitable for use by children over 3 years old. The duration of therapy should not exceed 1 week, frequency of use – 3-4 times a day.

The sprays are available in convenient bottles of various sizes with a dispenser for spraying. The instructions say how many doses (number of presses) are required for a single use.

Treatment of sinusitis without a puncture, with medication - tablets

Tablets are often prescribed for the treatment of sinusitis. They are especially effective in cases of allergic nature of the disease. Capable of influencing receptors in contact with the stimulus. Products for systemic use may cause adverse reactions; you must carefully read the packaging instructions. Medicines in this group:

1. Sinupret. German herbal preparation. It has a secretomotor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. Contains a mixture of medicinal plant extracts, which may intensify the course of hay fever. The course of treatment is from 7 to 14 days, 2-3 tablets.
2. Zodak. Antihistamine tablets based on cetirizine. Facilitates the course of allergies, eliminates congestion, itching and lacrimation. It is quickly absorbed by the body, the result lasts up to 8 hours. Practically does not depress the functioning of the central nervous system.
3. Cetrin. Allergy tablets containing cetirizine. The drug acts as a histamine receptor blocker and is useful for early and late manifestations of hay fever. May cause dizziness and vomiting in overdoses, the results will last up to 6 hours after administration.

In addition, almost all antibiotics and antiviral drugs are produced in tablet form. When using several medications at the same time, it is recommended to keep a break of 1-2 hours between doses.

It is advisable to take oral medications after meals. This enhances the absorption of components into the blood and gastrointestinal tract and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.

For headaches

With sinusitis, mucus accumulates in the maxillary sinuses, which causes headaches. It intensifies when moving, causing severe discomfort and unpleasant sensations. To relieve symptoms, medications with analgesic effects are prescribed. Painkillers:

1. Nise. A powerful NSAID with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The active substance of the composition is nimesulide in a dosage of 100 mg. May cause drowsiness and dizziness; dosage regimen should be strictly followed. The result is achieved 20-30 minutes after application.
2. Ibuprofen. NSAIDs in tablet form with powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Eliminates symptoms of acute sinusitis, is quickly eliminated from the body, without causing addiction. Suitable for adults and children, one tablet contains 200 mg of active substance.
3. Paracetamol. An inexpensive drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. In small dosages it is safe for the body. Can be used for newborns and during pregnancy. The dosage depends on age, the frequency of use is 4 times a day with an interval of 4-5 hours.

It is not recommended to take tablets for headaches without severe symptoms. They affect the entire body, so uncontrolled use leads to the development of complications.

Cough medicines

Cough suppressants are prescribed for persistent sinusitis with copious nasal mucus. Helps liquefy exudate and remove it from the body. Reduce the risk of developing bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia and other dangerous complications from the respiratory system. For children, such medications are recommended in the form of syrup or suspension. Effective cough medications:

1. Lazolvan. A strong, long-lasting remedy based on ambroxol. It is an active mucolytic, promotes the liquefaction and removal of sputum. The capsule must be swallowed whole and must not be opened or swallowed. The course of treatment is 14 days.
2. Bromhexine. German drug with secretomotor mucolytic properties. Helps soften the structure of mucus and remove it from the respiratory tract. Completely absorbed by the body. Rarely causes adverse reactions. Tablets are prescribed for children over 12 years of age.
3. Mukaltin. Inexpensive drug with herbal composition. Contains marshmallow root extract and polysaccharides. Stimulates reflex stimulation, against the background of which sputum production accelerates. The product is safe for the body, but may cause allergies if sensitive.

Cough medications are not a necessary part of treatment for sinusitis. Prescribed for large amounts of purulent discharge associated with problems of the lower respiratory system.

For sinusitis with mild symptoms, expectorants are not recommended.

Injections

Some medications are available in the form of a solution for intravenous or muscle administration. They are highly effective, but can cause side effects. Recommended for severe forms of sinusitis, when medications for oral, topical use do not lead to the desired result.

One of the popular drugs is Hydrocortisone. This is an injection suspension with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effects. It is a hormonal drug, causes adverse reactions - reduces immunity, contributes to metabolic disorders. Hydrocortisone injections need to be prescribed by a doctor.

Principles of therapy

As a rule, sinusitis can only be suppressed with antibiotics, but they will be useless if the disease is caused by viruses, on which the drugs have no effect at all. For sinusitis, antiviral drugs are usually prescribed that can stop the pathological process caused by both viruses and bacteria and maintain the immune system at the proper level.

At the initial stage, the disease is treated conservatively. Basic principles of therapy:

• suppress the negative effects of infection in the nose;
• eliminate swelling;
• relieve inflammation with antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• restore drainage in the paranasal sinuses;
• normalize the water balance in the body and prevent dehydration;
• support immunity.

Rinsing the sinuses with antiseptics and herbal infusions is recommended to clear the nasal passages of accumulated mucus and wash away the pathogenic microflora that has settled in the nose.

How is the chronic form treated?

Sinusitis becomes chronic if the inflammatory process continues for a long time, and timely treatment at the initial stage was not carried out or became unsuccessful. Complications such as meningitis and encephalitis can quickly develop even in the case of the slightest hypothermia of the body, when in the off-season, congestion immediately appears and copious mucus leaks from the nasal cavity.

With chronic sinusitis, the clinical picture is usually blurred. Symptoms appear periodically, then disappear completely for some period. Treatment should be carried out only in moments of exacerbation:

• antibiotics;
• antiviral agents for viral sinusitis (Neovir, Arbidol);
• antifungal tablets for fungal infections of the nasal mucosa (Nystatin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole);
• antihistamines for allergic sinusitis (Tavegil, Suprastin, Ketoprofen);
• vasoconstrictor drops;
• multivitamins, mineral complexes (zinc must be included);
• local drugs (Isofra, Protargol).

In some cases, hormonal medications are prescribed for sinusitis (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone), but as directed by the attending physician.

After the symptoms subside, you can undergo a course of physiotherapy, ultraphonophoresis, or UHF. Additionally, heating, inhalation, and infusions of medicinal herbs are effective.

Forms and groups of antibiotics

Antibiotic-type medications for sinusitis are the most common and main component of treatment regimens. The indication for the prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis is the bacterial nature of the pathogen or its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Drugs for the treatment of sinusitis of this type will not be effective if the process is viral in nature (during a cold) or fungal.

You can determine what antimicrobial medications need to be prescribed for sinusitis in adults based on the following symptoms:

• Nasal discharge is green-yellow and thick and may have an unpleasant odor;
• Pain is felt in the area of ​​the affected sinus, radiating to the forehead, bridge of the nose, temples, crown;
• When the body tilts forward or downward, the patient feels strong pressure inside the skull and even pain;
• There are signs of intoxication of the body: fever, chills, weakness, fatigue, general headaches without specific localization;
• When the maxillary sinus is affected, the infection can spread to the teeth of the upper jaw, causing them to hurt;
• The disease does not go away on its own within 7 days, and attempts to use folk remedies or treatment without antibiotics do not bring relief.

In the treatment of any sinusitis, antimicrobial drugs of the 1st and 2nd lines are used. What medicinal groups of antibiotics belong to the first and second line?

The first series of antibiotics includes drugs belonging to the series of penicillins, second-generation cephalosporins, and macrolides. For example, your doctor may prescribe you Erythromycin, Cefixime, Amoxicillin.

In advanced cases of the disease, a number of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin) are used. If the disease is mild, you should not use these drugs.

Second-line antibiotics (which are prescribed if the first-line drugs are not suitable) include macrolides and tetracyclines. Doctors prescribe medications for sinusitis: Sumamed, Azithromycin, Doxycycline.

Treatment with antibiotics is a responsible task. It is necessary to strictly follow the dosage, frequency and duration of administration prescribed by the doctor. If antibacterial therapy is not successful within several days, the doctor decides to replace the drug or add another drug.

Self-treatment with antibiotics is highly undesirable to avoid side effects.

What medications can adults take for sinusitis - their types

Sinusitis of the maxillary sinuses has a multifactorial etiology. Develops against the background of infection, allergies or a common cold. The choice of a specific treatment regimen directly depends on the cause of the disease and the patient’s well-being. The main groups of drugs for the treatment of sinusitis:

• vasoconstrictors;
• anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs and steroids);
• antibacterial (antibiotics);
• antiviral, immunomodulators;
• mucolytics;
• solutions for rinsing the nose.

The products are available in forms for systemic and local use. Nasal drops and sprays contain a lower concentration of the active substance, but act directly on the mucous membrane of the respiratory system.

Pharmaceutical drugs may interact with each other when used together as part of complex treatment. You should carefully read the instructions before starting the procedure.

Do vasoconstrictor medications help?

Drops and sprays with a vasoconstrictor effect are prescribed for any form of sinusitis. They temporarily relieve congestion, making breathing easier. The disadvantage of this group of drugs is their short action, the risk of addiction and adverse reactions. The duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days. Anticongestants do not affect the cause of the disease and are a symptomatic remedy.

Do I need to take antiviral and antimicrobial medications?

If sinusitis is viral in nature, specialized drugs are prescribed to combat the pathogen. The virus cell tends to mutate under the influence of external factors, so there is not a single universal drug in this category. Their main task is to stimulate the body’s own immunity and enhance the production of interferon. As a result, leukocytes independently destroy pathogens.

Antiseptics are used as a local preparation. They are used for washing, irrigating and instilling mucous membranes. They help eliminate bacterial infections, increase the release of pus and prevent the spread of infection.

Mucolytics that remove pus

Recommended for sinusitis, which is accompanied by a large amount of nasal discharge. Mucolytics help thin and remove mucus from the nose. Indispensable for purulent exudate - they reduce the likelihood of complications in the form of infections of nearby organs. Such drugs are used for sinusitis with severe cough, concomitant bronchitis or pneumonia. They are a symptomatic group of medications.

How to treat sinusitis with antibacterial agents

Antibiotics are the main part of systemic therapy for bacterial sinusitis. Most modern agents have a wide spectrum of action, affecting different types of pathogenic microorganisms. They are prescribed for a limited course of up to 10-12 days; if there is no improvement, the active substance must be replaced. They cause various side effects and negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Available in the form of tablets, injection solutions, and medications for topical use.

Antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic bacteria, but also the intestinal microflora. It is recommended to take additional probiotics.

Treatment with corticosteroids and other hormonal drugs

Hormonal medications have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. They are prescribed for severe forms of sinusitis, when there is no result from NSAIDs. They can cause serious complications in the form of disruption of the humoral system, baldness, decreased immunity and the development of neoplasms. Intake should be strictly limited, and the specific active ingredient should be selected taking into account age and weight. Corticosteroids are available in the form of an ointment or gel, injection solution, or spray.

Decongestants and anti-inflammatory drugs

Sinusitis is accompanied by inflammation of the sinuses. For treatment, special decongestants and NSAIDs are used. They have a complex effect - they help relieve congestion, ease breathing, and have an analgesic and antipyretic effect. They are represented by a variety of drugs for systemic and local use.

Homeopathy

A controversial group of medications that are prescribed for prolonged sinusitis of any type. Homeopathy is based on the rule - a substance that in high concentration causes a complication, in a low dosage can lead to an improvement in well-being. Contain plant components that are hazardous to the body, such as mercury.

Among doctors there are opponents of this method, since homeopathic remedies have a very weak effect and can cause complications. In practice, they are more often used as placebos.

Medicines for sinusitis for children

The treatment regimen for sinusitis in children is practically no different from adult drug therapy. To effectively get rid of symptoms and eliminate the cause of the inflammatory process, complex tactics are also used. The only difference is that the list of drugs approved for use in pediatric practice is much smaller:

• Broad-spectrum antibiotics. Prescribed only on the basis of a thorough diagnosis and confirmed bacterial infection. For children, it is preferable to use drugs of the cephalosporin or macrolide class (Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone). Antibacterial drugs of the penicillin series can be prescribed only in cases of severe disease or when it comes to chronic sinusitis.
• Antibiotics for local use. Increasingly, complex drugs that simultaneously have antibacterial, antihistamine and antiseptic effects are used in pediatrics. This allows you to minimize the risks of developing side effects and complications from a lethal dose of drugs.
• Vasoconstrictor drugs. In case of severe nasal congestion, their use is permissible, but in a minimal dosage, since the risk of developing adverse reactions in children is even greater than in adults. For this purpose, it is recommended to use products intended specifically for children, for example, Nazol Kids. Classic farmazolin is not used in pediatrics.
• Salt solutions. The use of nasal rinses is mandatory! Moreover, the procedure should be carried out before injecting vasoconstrictors. This will help ensure high-quality penetration of the active components directly to the inflamed mucosa. As an alternative to homemade saline solutions, preparations based on sea salt, for example, Aqua Maris or Quix, are recommended.
• Antihistamines. These tablets for sinusitis are mandatory in the case of the allergic nature of the disease or the prescription of antibacterial therapy in children. In pediatric practice, it is advisable to use exclusively the latest generation of products, including Cetrin and Zilola. Older developments by pharmacologists (for example, Suprastin) are not suitable for children, as they can provoke serious side effects.
• Lactobacilli. Taking dietary supplements to normalize intestinal microflora is also indicated as a concomitant treatment with antibiotics. In terms of price/quality ratio, Laktiale for children has proven itself well.

The prescription of any medications must be agreed with the attending physician! The course of sinusitis in children has its own characteristics, so self-medication is unacceptable.

How to treat illness at home?

Prescriptions, steam inhalations, and rinsing the nasal cavity with disinfectant compounds are used only with the permission of an ENT doctor. As a rule, alternative treatment helps at the initial stage of sinusitis development, or when the inflammatory process begins to subside. For rinsing we use a saline solution, for steam inhalations - decoctions and infusions of herbs (chamomile, mint, eucalyptus).

Safe and effective folk remedies for sinusitis are compresses; they help eliminate nasal congestion and normalize the outflow of mucous secretions in the sinuses:

1. Radish. Squeeze the juice, mix with root juice and vegetable oil. Wet the cloth and apply it to the forehead and sides of the nose.
2. Honey with flour. Form a cake in the form of a plate, apply to the sinuses for 40 minutes, 2 times a day.
3. Egg. Hard boil, wrap in cloth and apply as a lotion, preferably before going to bed, to go to bed and warm up properly.
4. Spruce resin, onion. Melt the resin (200 g) in a water bath, grate, add the onion, mix with vegetable oil. Moisten the fabric with the resulting paste and apply it as an application to the wings of the nose.
5. Garlic. Crush 2-3 cloves, add to boiling water, cover your head with a towel and inhale the vapors. You can do the same thing using potatoes or potato peels.
6. Bay leaf. Take a handful, add water, bring to a boil and inhale the aromatic vapors (sitting over the container), which will help thin the mucus and quickly remove accumulated mucus.
7. Iodine. Add an alcohol solution of iodine (2-3 drops) and potassium permanganate (several crystals) to warm water and mix. Fill the syringe and pour into each nostril, up to 5-6 times a day.

Sinusitis is a complex disease and can lead to complications (encephalitis, meningitis, sinus thrombosis, phlegmon or melting of bone structures under the influence of pus). Usually the precursor is rhinitis, which leads to congestion and the formation of polyps. Complications such as optic neuritis, thrombophlebitis, brain abscess, osteomyelitis become dangerous and pose a threat not only to health, but also to life.

How to cure sinusitis quickly with complex therapy

The modern pharmaceutical market offers patients a wide range of medications for the treatment of sinusitis of various origins.

Taking into account the specific action of the medicine, the course and cause of the disease, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient, the otolaryngologist selects the optimal treatment. The patient can be prescribed either one tablet or several drugs at the same time.

The most popular medications for treating sinusitis in adults are vasoconstrictor sprays and drops. Thanks to this group of medications, the patient is able to quickly (about 2 minutes) restore free breathing.

Their use is also justified when it is necessary to quickly remove excess mucus from the nasal canals for subsequent rinsing of the nose.

Important information! It is necessary to take into account that vasoconstrictor drops can be used only up to 2 times a day. The duration of treatment can be no more than a week. Drugs of this type do not eliminate the cause of the disease, but only relieve a disturbing symptom.

Next on the list of most common medications for sinusitis are local remedies that can relieve inflammation. They are prescribed to quickly eliminate signs of inflammation in the sinuses and larynx. This group includes antiallergic, antibacterial and drugs containing steroids.

Which of these remedies will be preferable in a particular case must be decided by the attending physician.

Remember that it is not recommended to use different types of anti-inflammatory drugs at the same time.

Drugs aimed at stimulating nasal secretions are called secretomotor drugs. As a rule, they are prescribed together with mucolytics. Both medications increase the outflow of contents from the maxillary sinuses and normalize the natural ventilation of the nasal passages.

Antibacterial therapy is prescribed in cases of purulent sinusitis. Indeed, such drugs can quickly normalize the condition of the sinuses. However, they negatively affect other systems and organs

Antibiotics should be taken carefully, and only on the recommendation of an otolaryngologist.

Nasal rinsing solutions

Dolphin, Aquamaris, Salin, Aqualor - a cunning advertising trick that sells saline solution (0.9% NaCL, that is, table salt solution) at the price of decent antibiotics. It is not harmful to rinse your nose if you have sinusitis; it is harmful to pay exorbitant amounts of money for a solution of table salt. So for a bottle of sterile saline solution with a volume of 20 ml you will have to pay no more than 40 rubles.

At the same time, a 10 ml bottle of Aquamaris already costs more than 110 rubles, Salin 30 ml - from 137 rubles, and 30 Dolphin bags with a gram of powder each will cost 190 rubles.

The same audience for whom patented versions of saline solution are recommended as less safe (it is not clear why), that is, children, are generally not subject to nasal rinsing at home due to the high risks of secondary inflammation of the middle ear.

A few words about how to rinse your nose correctly. Before rinsing, you need to stand over the sink, leaning forward at a right angle. After a deep breath, the breath is held. The rinsing container is placed tightly against the nostril. Then it is slowly raised so that the solution flows out of the opposite nostril. One half of the nasal passages and, if possible, the sinuses are washed. The remaining solution is removed from the nasal passages by actively blowing your nose.

Antibacterial nasal drops

Nasal agents containing antibiotics are rarely used in isolation for sinusitis. They are often combined with systemic antibiotics. Such drugs are appropriate for confirmed bacterial origin of rhinitis, as well as for the prevention of complications from the sinuses.

Antibiotic products are used only as prescribed by a doctor, since the local action of antimicrobial drugs increases the risk of bacterial resistance. In addition, the use of antibiotics carries a risk of severe allergic reactions, which means there must be a compelling reason for their use.

To ensure that the active substance reaches the target area, the nasal cavity should be prepared before each use of the drug. To do this, perform a hygienic rinse with an isotonic solution and instill a vasoconstrictor. The decongestant opens the passages, after which the antibiotic can get into the areas of inflammation.

Types of sinusitis

There are several types of sinusitis:

• sinusitis;
• frontal sinusitis;
• ethmoiditis;
• sphenoiditis, but the latter type of sinusitis is extremely rare and almost always together with ethmoiditis.

1 Examination of the nasal cavity in MedicCity

2 Examination of the nasal cavity in MedicCity

3 ENT unit Atmos S 31

Antiviral agents

If a patient is diagnosed with viral sinusitis after examination, then antibacterial drugs cannot be taken. If the pathology is caused by viruses, then antiviral tablets for sinusitis Sinupret are prescribed. This medicine contains herbal ingredients, which is why they are green in color. Due to its composition, this remedy is considered the best drug for treating inflammation occurring in the maxillary sinuses.

The great advantage of this medicine is that it has absolutely no restrictions on its use. This means that Sinupret can be taken at absolutely any age.

The components included in this drug have pronounced anti-inflammatory properties, which eliminates swelling of the nasal mucosa. The secretion of mucus also increases significantly, as a result of which the maxillary sinuses are cleared of purulent contents much faster.

Contraindications

Antibiotics for sinusitis may have contraindications for adults and children, which include viral, allergic and fungal etiology. But there are many that are common to antibacterial drugs.

Antibiotics should not be taken by those who:

• bronchial asthma;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• leukemia;
• monocytic tonsillitis;
• liver and kidney diseases;
• intestinal pathologies;
• breastfeeding period.

The use of antibiotics during pregnancy is contraindicated due to its effect on fetal development. There are antibiotics that can be used during pregnancy, but in the second half of the trimester and only when absolutely necessary.

General principles of therapy

Treatment of rhinosinusitis is aimed at quickly suppressing symptoms and normalizing the patient’s life. The next task is to eliminate bacteria that can cause the disease again

It is equally important to normalize the patency of the respiratory passages and restore the evacuation of mucus from the sinuses. To do this, doctors prescribe complex drug therapy aimed at both the manifestations of the disease (stuffy nose, snot) and its causes (bacteria, viruses, allergic reactions)

How to choose a medicine

You can choose a remedy for a runny nose yourself, focusing on the characteristics of the main symptom:

1. if nasal breathing is difficult, vasoconstrictors are used;
2. when secreting a viscous (whitish or cloudy secretion), you need to use drops with an antiseptic effect;
3. for thick purulent discharge, use drops containing antibiotics;
4. If you feel pressure and mild pain in the sinus projection area, you should get a mucus thinner.

If a runny nose does not go away for more than 10 days, or is accompanied by a headache or fever, you should definitely consult a doctor.

What is sinusitis, sinusitis?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of several nasal sinuses at once, while sinusitis is an inflammation of only the maxillary maxillary sinus. In another way, we can say that sinusitis is a type of sinusitis, which most often occurs as a consequence of sinusitis. The cavities inside the sinuses are lined with a very thin mucous membrane. When inflamed, it turns red and swells. Due to edema, the communication of the sinus with the nasal cavity is disrupted or its lumen is completely closed, and accordingly the amount of air in it decreases.

A closed sinus with inflamed walls is an ideal place for the development of pathogenic flora, which can lead to suppuration and the appearance of throbbing pain in the sinus area.

Sinusitis is most often caused by respiratory and infectious diseases.

The pathology manifests itself as nasal congestion, painful pulsation in the area of ​​the affected sinus, headache, copious nasal discharge, and sometimes fever.

Prevention

Often sinusitis is a bacterial complication of ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection), as a result of activation of opportunistic flora against the background of swelling of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, it is very important to carry out vitamin therapy during cold weather and the off-season, and when the first signs of colds appear, promptly begin antiviral and symptomatic treatment to prevent the spread of infection.

Hardening is one of the most effective methods for preventing sinusitis

For preventive purposes it is also recommended:

• sanitize chronic foci of infection in the body;
• increase immunity by hardening;
• lead a healthy lifestyle.