Currently, not only older people, but also young people - between the ages of twenty and forty - are complaining about their poor health, not to mention children. What is happening to society today? Why are there so many sick people? It turns out that the reason lies in the lack of stable immunity. So let’s figure out what immunity actually is. What measures need to be taken to restore and improve it?
What to do when illnesses visit your home too often?
Many of us have noticed this picture: when children in the house are sick, then adults also necessarily need sick leave. Why? The thing is that constant excessive physical activity, polluted environment, stress, overwork, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition make us weak and susceptible to various ailments. In other words, they weaken our immunity so much that it is practically absent.
Observing the sad picture of what was happening, many doctors sounded the alarm. The absence of a protective mechanism in people is especially clear against the background of colds, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza.
A solution to the problem has been found. And it lies in the development of a new perfect immunity of humanity through therapy using immunomodulators. These drugs are intended for preventive measures against frequent colds and other diseases.
Modern immunomodulators: to trust or not?
There are many such drugs on the domestic drug market. Let's look at one of them - Respibron tablets - a little lower. In the meantime, let's touch on the question of whether to trust immunomodulators or not? If you study the instructions for them in detail, it becomes clear that these funds are aimed at strengthening the potential forces of the human body to fight viruses and bacteria that cause colds and flu.
That is, a person does not wait passively until the virus infects him and provokes a lot of complications, but purposefully builds a barrier - increases immunity in order to keep the disease at bay.
The principle of action of immunomodulators is clear and simple, but does it give the expected effect? Let's look at this using the example of the drug "Respibron" and its analogues. We mentioned it above.
New medicine "Respibron"
This immunomodulator has already entered into practical medical use, although it appeared on the domestic market relatively recently. That's why it raises so many questions. Many of them are answered by the instructions. "Respibron" is an immunomodulating drug, the use of which significantly reduces the incidence of infectious respiratory diseases, alleviates the severity of their course, and reduces the likelihood of complications. Also, using the drug for preventive purposes allows you to avoid antibiotic treatment.
Doctors say that before taking any medication, its instructions must be studied. "Respibron" (tablets) is no exception. Agree, taking an unknown medicine and waiting for a positive effect is not only pointless, but also irresponsible, even dangerous.
As the new immunomodulator took over the market, it began to be sold in attractive packaging that attracts attention. Doctors increasingly began to prescribe it to patients. However, not all patients were in a hurry to buy the drug Respibron, the price of which was too high for many. At the same time, therapy to develop stable immunity is quite long-term. The tablets must be taken for more than two months. How much does Respibron cost today? The price of a blister of 10 tablets is 500 rubles or more.
Respibron instructions and frequently asked questions
Warehouse
active speech: bacterial lysate;
1 tablet contains 50 mg of lyophilized bacterial lysate, which includes 7 mg of bacterial lysate: Staphylococcus aureus 6×109 KUO, Streptococcus pyogenes 6×109 KUO, Streptococcus viridans 6×109 KUO, Klebsiella pneumoniae 6×109 KUO, Klebsiella ozaenae 6× 109 KUO, Haemophilus influenzae B 6×109 KUO, Neisseria catarrhalis 6×109 KUO, Streptococcus pneumoniae 6×109 KUO (the remaining bacteria are 1×109 KUO offensive types - TY1/EQ11, TY2/EQ22, TY3/EQ 14, TY5/ EQ15, TY8/EQ23, TY47/EQ24), and 43 mg glycine for the lyophilization process;
additional words: silicon dioxide, aqueous hydroxide; microcrystalline cellulose; calcium hydrogen phosphate, dihydrate; magnesium stearate; ammonium glycerisinate; essence of menthol powder.
Medicine form. Sublingual tablets.
Main physical and chemical properties: round, bluish tablets with a score on one side, with brown inclusions, with a slight characteristic odor.
Pharmacotherapeutic group. Immunostimulants. ATX code L03A X.
Immunological and biological powers
Respibron is an immunomodulator based on bacterial lysate, removed by mechanical lysis of microbial cells. The drug promotes the body's response to infection by increasing the amount of serum and secretory antibodies, activating cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific immunity. This reduces the frequency of development and severity of respiratory infections, eliminating the need for stagnation of antibiotics.
Respibron has a secondary mechanism of action:
- activates non-specific resistance (swift zahist, stretching 2-4 tiers from the beginning of Respibron) for the structure of membrane antigens that are included in the drug, through the activation of dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages and NK cells tin; induction of phagocytosis and cell lysis due to stimulation of macrophage adhesion on bacteria;
- activates specific immunity (trival protection, stretching several steps) by increasing the level of production of IL-2, specific serum IgA, IgG, IgM and slgA, activation of effector CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes, active atsii B-lymphocytes.
Respibron is readily absorbed in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Clinical characteristics.
Showing
The doctor’s task is to help treat such illnesses:
- acute illnesses, illnesses, recurrent or chronic infections and illnesses of the upper respiratory tract (acute respiratory viral infections (ARV), influenza, rhinitis, including allergies chny, pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, epiglotitis, sore throat);
- acute, acute, recurrent and chronic infections and illness of the lower respiratory tract, including obstructive diseases (tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive illness of the lungs eniv (COPD)).
Due to its immunomodulatory action, Respibron reduces the number and severity of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children who often get sick, and also reduces the severity of acute respiratory illnesses. severe obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the risk and severity of my journey. Respibron is used for the treatment of infections resistant to antibiotic therapy, and for the treatment of worsening bacterial and viral infections. The drug can be used in combination with other medications (antibiotics and mucolytic agents).
Contraindicated
Increased sensitivity to active speech or other components of the drug.
Interactions with other medicinal drugs and other types of interactions . Interactions with other drugs, including antibiotics, have not been observed.
Features of stagnation .
Suction during pregnancy or breastfeeding. If toxic effects of the drug Respibron on animals are not to be avoided, it is recommended that the drug not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
This is due to the fluidity of the reaction during treatment with vehicles or other mechanisms.
The drug does not interact with the vehicle or other mechanisms.
Method of congestion and dosage
For oral administration to adults and children over 2 years of age.
Treatment of acute processes: 1 tablet is rolled under the tongue with a stretch of 1-2 x 1 time per dose (be sure to stretch for at least 30 stretches). Take at least 10 days before symptoms subside. The treatment course consists of taking 10 tablets.
Preventive treatment: 1 tablet, roll 1-2 times under the tongue, 1 time per day for 10 days. After a 20-day break, repeat the 10-day course of taking the drug. The final course of preventive treatment, in which the maximum immunotherapeutic effect is achieved, lasts 3 months. During the entire course you will need to take 30 tablets of Respibron. Otherwise, it seems that Respibron is taken in three ten-day courses of three months from two with 20-day breaks between them. Children of young age are recommended to first try the possibility of taking the drug in this form and cut the tablet, wet it with boiled water at room temperature and remove the paste-like mixture to the empty mouth.
Children. The drug can be used by children for 2 years.
Overdose.
There were occasional bouts of overdose, sleeplessness and pain in the stomach. Likuvannya is more symptomatic.
Adverse reactions.
On the side of the herbal tract: vomiting, stomatitis, pain in the abdomen, fatigue and diarrhea.
On the side of the skin and under the skin: allergic reactions, including urticaria, itching, sagging and swelling.
Infections and invasions: rhinitis, bacterial tonsillitis, influenza.
Underlying reactions and reactions at the injection site: fever, and headache.
On the side of the respiratory tract and organs of the mediastinum: cough, pain in the larynx.
Term of attribution. 3 rocks.
Umovi sberіgannya
Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C in the original packaging and out of the reach of children.
Package . 10 tablets per blister, 1 or 3 blisters in a cardboard box.
Release category .
Over the counter.
Virobnik.
Bruschettini s.r.l./ Bruschettini SRL
The locality of the library and the addresses of the locality for the promotion of its activities.
Bia Isonzo 6, 16147 Genova, Italy / Via Isonzo 6, 16147 Genova, Italy.
Applicant.
Lallemand Pharma International, Switzerland.
Discretion of the applicant and/or the representative of the applicant.
Poststrasse 30, 6300 ZUG, Switzerland/Poststrasse 30, 6300 ZUG, Switzerland
Virobleno for "Mili Healthcare Limited", Great Britain (+380 44 498-13-34).
Unique properties of an immunomodulator
According to the descriptions contained in the instructions, Respibron has unique characteristics. As mentioned earlier, it reduces the need for antibiotics and reduces the incidence of respiratory diseases and complications. The composition of the medicine is not destroyed by food acids when it enters the intestines, so it begins to act instantly.
A medicine is produced based on bacterial lysate, which increases the body's resistance to infections.
During the first two to four weeks, the drug activates nonspecific resistance - rapid protection; after several months of therapy, the body's specific immunity is activated - protection for several years.
Effective analogues
When the use of Respibron, for certain reasons, is impossible, the doctor selects analogues for the patient. They are similar to each other in terms of the effect they provide, but differ in composition and price.
Effective substitutes for Respibron:
- Metronidazole. The immunomodulator is manufactured in Denmark by the company Nycomed. The average cost is 120 rubles. The drug has an antiprotozoal effect. The medicine is presented in the form of a powder for making a solution. It is administered intravenously. You can also find the drug in the form of tablets and suspensions. The medicine significantly enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants. Localizes infections caused by anaerobic pathogens. The disadvantages include a large number of side effects. Nausea, diarrhea, and lack of appetite often occur. Not prescribed during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and lactation.
- Decathylene. The medicine is produced in Switzerland. The cost ranges from 220 rubles. The medicine is intended for use in the mouth and mucous membranes. The advantages include the absence of contraindications and side effects. The medication should be taken for a long time.
- Levomycetin. Manufactured in Russia by Dalkhimpharm. The price is 20-100 rubles. The product is considered antimicrobial and has a detrimental effect on gram-positive agents. Produced as a powder for creating solutions. It is easily administered both intramuscularly and intravenously. The disadvantages include high allergenicity, sometimes headaches or dizziness appear after taking it.
Indications and contraindications for taking an immunomodulator
Let's take a closer look at the recommendations contained in the instructions. "Respibron" is prescribed for diseases such as acute respiratory infections, influenza, rhinitis, including allergic and chronic, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary inflammation, as well as their prevention.
The immunomodulator is suitable for both adults and children. Treatment of children with this drug can begin at two years of age.
No side effects were identified with its use. As the instructions indicate, Respibron is very well tolerated. However, it may cause an allergic reaction to the components contained in the composition in hypersensitive people. This is the only contraindication to taking an immunomodulator.
Dosage for both children and adults – 1 tablet per day (dissolves under the tongue).
Newspaper "News of Medicine and Pharmacy" 18 (387) 2011
Specific active immunization against the most common pathogens of respiratory diseases compares favorably with nonspecific immunostimulation in its focus and effectiveness. This is also due to the limited capabilities of specific immunization in pulmonology at the moment [3]. There are vaccines against pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc., and new vaccines against influenza virus and staphylococcus appear every year. However, there are no vaccines against most respiratory pathogens, not to mention the absence of multivaccines with antigens of the main pathogens of respiratory infections. In addition, respiratory pathogens are characterized by rapid variability, and specific immunity against them is short-lived. Therefore, so-called vaccine-like drugs, the action of which is aimed at creating specific immunity against a specific pathogen of respiratory tract infections, are becoming of great importance. In this regard, in recent years, immunocorrectors of bacterial origin have become widely used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory infections, primarily bacterial lysates, which cause the formation of a selective immune response against specific pathogens. Bacterial lysates can be prescribed during the acute period of the disease and for prophylactic purposes. In the acute period of respiratory infections, the prescription of drugs is more effective in combination with appropriate etiotropic therapy [1].
Bacterial lysates initiate a specific immune response to bacterial antigens present in these preparations. Their use causes the contact of antigens of the most significant pathogens of respiratory tract infections with macrophages located in the mucous membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, with their subsequent presentation to lymphocytes of the MALT system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) [4]. As a result, committed clones of B-lymphocytes appear, producing specific antibodies to pathogen antigens contained in bacterial immunotropic preparations. In addition, the migration of committed B lymphocytes to other lymphoid formations of the MALT system and their subsequent differentiation into plasmacytes lead to the production of specific secretory IgA and the development of effective local immune defense against the main pathogens of respiratory diseases [1].
Since bacterial immunomodulatory drugs are intended to stimulate the body’s specific defense against the pathogenic effects of those microorganisms whose antigenic substrates are included in the drug, its administration has a vaccine-like effect, accompanied by the induction of a specific response from both local and systemic immunity. Thus, the above drugs are intended to stimulate the body’s specific defense against the pathogenic effects of those microorganisms whose substrates are included in the drug. However, they can also increase the overall resistance of the body, which has a positive effect on their preventive effect against respiratory infections [1].
Among the representatives of this group of drugs, it is necessary to note the innovative drug Respibron, developed by specialists from Lallemand Pharma Int. (Switzerland) based on the latest technology for the production of polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate. The drug Respibron, which is represented on the Ukrainian market, is a product obtained by mechanical lysis of the most common pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract: Diplococcus pneumoniae (aka Streptococcus pneumoniae) (6 serotypes), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridians, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria catarrhalis [5].
In contrast to the widespread method of chemical lysis of bacteria, when creating the drug Respibron, bacteria are destroyed mechanically by ultrasonic crushing. This makes it possible to separate from them large fragments of cell membranes without their significant changes (for example, structural components of a protein nature), as well as to separate ballast (antigen-inactive) and toxic parts of the microbial cell from them. Accordingly, this antigenic material is better recognized by the human immune system, and, consequently, a more pronounced immune response is formed, and the absence of toxic components allows one to avoid a general negative reaction of the body [5].
The next feature of Respibron is the form of release of the drug in the form of lozenges, which ensures direct contact with the mucosal part of the human oral cavity [6]. In the work of the immune system, a large role is given to one of its important components - the mucous membranes, equipped with dendritic cells, thanks to which foreign and pathogenic antigens that enter these membranes are recognized. Antigen capture and recognition occur due to the presence of alarm receptors on the surface of the dendritic cell, known as toll-like receptors (from the English toll - alarm bell). For example, toll-like receptor 4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, sublingual use of Respibron allows not only to avoid exposure and destruction of the drug by digestive juices, but also to ensure direct contact with immune cells of the mucous membranes, which induces the synthesis of serum and secretory antibodies (sIgA), activates cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific immunity, and also allows quickly form a specific immune response when pathogens of respiratory diseases repeatedly enter the mucous membrane (in the same way that immunization through vaccination allows us to do) [5].
The inherent “locality” of action of Respibron, which is ensured by sublingual administration, is very important, based on the hypothesis put forward by Professor O.F. Melnikov and Ph.D. D.D. Zabolotnaya. According to this concept, the most important point for the human body is maintaining the equilibrium state of the mucous membranes with the macrocosm and microorganisms, and this requires more production of “local” protective proteins than serum ones. Of the many known humoral mechanisms for protecting mucous membranes, class A immunoglobulins (antibodies), primarily polymer forms, are recognized as the most effective today. Deviations (usually a decrease) in the concentration of their main forms, as well as changes in the ratio between representatives of certain classes of immunoglobulins and other protective proteins, such as lactoferrin and lysozyme, can be the basis for the diagnosis of immune deficiency (secondary immunodeficiency) [7].
Respibron also has advantages over interferon inducers in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, since the use of interferon does not always allow one to cope with these diseases for a number of reasons. For example, interferon is produced only by those cells that have already been infected with the virus; Moreover, the number of activated natural killer cells is not enough to repel a massive viral attack - they are activated only during the active viral process. Finally, at this stage the body does not yet have prepared, “trained” B-lymphocytes that would prevent bacterial superinfection [5].
At the same time, the mechanism of action of a drug such as Respibron makes it possible to protect the body from viral-bacterial respiratory tract infections on three levels: on the first, it prevents the penetration of the virus into the cell, on the second, it prevents the spread of the virus in the body, and on the third, it helps prevent bacterial infections. superinfections [5].
There is a fairly large number of works devoted to the study of the drug Respibron. Thus, experimental work shows that under the influence of the drug, the production of interleukin-12 actually increases, which has a direct effect on the function of dendritic cells. The drug then increases the production of other cytokines, interleukins and interferon gamma, which are functionally dependent on T helper cells. The drug increases the expression of interleukin-2 receptors, and therefore, T and B cells are able to receive a signal from interleukin-2 and the process of their proliferation is triggered, resulting in a more pronounced immune response [5].
Another study found that 30-day therapy with Respibron was accompanied by an increase in the titer of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva in response to almost all antigens. Finally, there are many clinical studies demonstrating the importance of using the drug Respibron both in the acute phase of colds and in their prevention.
F. Braido, F. Tarantini (2007) analyzed pilot studies of the effectiveness of Respibron in frequently ill children, which showed a significant reduction in the frequency of episodes of acute respiratory diseases (ARI) and the severity of each of them. The effect lasted up to 6 months after the end of treatment [8].
Another placebo-controlled study of 188 children found that the incidence rate was reduced by 50% one year after treatment with Respibron. The high safety of the drug has also been demonstrated (SB Ruah, C. Ruah, 2001) [10]. According to the results of studies by MD Gutiеrrez-Tarango (2001), Respibron reduces not only the risk and frequency of acute respiratory infections, but also the duration of each episode in the case of illness, as well as the duration of antibacterial therapy and the number of courses if necessary [9].
Respibron is also effective in the complex treatment of acute respiratory infections that require the prescription of antibacterial drugs (M. Bartocci, A. Allegri, 1997) [10]. 48 children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections aged 6–11 years were observed. The results of the study showed that children who received Respibron sublingually in combination with antibacterial therapy had less frequent recurrences of respiratory infections, and signs of inflammation disappeared faster.
There are studies of the effectiveness of Respibron in adult patients. Thus, the effectiveness of Respibron in the prevention of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was proven in an open observational study, in which the use of the drug Respibron at a dose of 1 tablet per day for 10 consecutive days per month for 3 months led to a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of exacerbations of the disease. In addition to the positive effect on the clinical course of chronic bronchitis, the use of Respibron was accompanied by a reduction in the economic burden of treating exacerbations of chronic bronchitis by 20% due to reduced costs of antibacterial therapy [11].
Summarizing all of the above, it can be argued that the effect of the drug Respibron on the immune system is bidirectional. On the one hand, this is the formation of rapid early protection, mediated through the activation of dendritic cells, as well as through the activation of phagocytosis. On the other hand, the development of a specific response, characterized by an increase in the level of cytokines and the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A. In order to obtain a lasting effect in the prevention of acute respiratory viral and bacterial infections, it is important to take the drug correctly. Thus, Respibron must be taken according to the following scheme: 1 tablet for 10 days with a 20-day break, after which the course is repeated twice. At the same time, for the effectiveness of prevention and therapy of a particular disease, the ease of use of the drug is also important, which ensures patient adherence to treatment, and therefore effectiveness. The ease of use of the drug Respibron (only 1 tablet per day) and the short course (10 days) contribute to high patient compliance - there is no need to constantly carry the drug with you and monitor the time of administration; the package contains 10 tablets - this amount is enough for the entire course of treatment [2]. All this makes it possible to consider Respibron a natural, reliable drug with a favorable safety profile, which has all the prerequisites for successful use.
Doctors' opinion about the drug
Before spending money on buying another magic pill that will cure the whole family, you need to read at least a little about the Respibron immunomodulator, reviews from competent specialists, especially pediatricians. The advertised drug, as it turns out, is not so effective. Komarovsky E. O., a well-known pediatrician in Ukraine and Russia, speaks with restraint about the properties of the drug “Respibron” (maybe he wasn’t paid?). He focuses on the fact that he cannot harm his health, but help from him is unlikely. The doctor recommends treating respiratory tract ailments by observing optimal conditions of humidity, cleanliness and temperature in the room, as well as spending more time walking in the fresh air.
Immunomodulator "Respibron": analogues
It is not difficult to find substitutes for this drug, since there are many of them. So, many people use Broncho-munal capsules. This immunomodulator is especially often used in the treatment of respiratory tract ailments in children of primary preschool age.
The drug "Broncho-munal" reduces the risk of complications from colds; the completed course of therapy reduces the frequency of their manifestations after recovery. It is effective for chronic forms of ailments such as bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media, rhinitis.
The instructions for the medicine recommend that children from six months of age take it. Since the drug is available in capsules, babies cannot swallow them, so the capsules are opened and the contents are diluted with water in a spoon.
Many parents of preschool children speak positively about this immunomodulator. It is especially in demand when the child adapts to kindergarten.
Another analogue of Respibron is Cycloferon tablets. This is a combined immunostimulating agent that is applicable in the treatment of complex forms of influenza, herpes, sore throat, HIV infection, acute intestinal inflammation, and hepatitis. Children can take this drug from the age of four.
The immunomodulator "Cycloferon" is not suitable for allergy sufferers and people suffering from digestive disorders. A strong effect of its influence on the patient’s body is observed in cases where the drug is started to be taken in the first stages of the disease.
To develop stable immunity, therapy for several months is also necessary. This medication is one of the most effective, its unique property is the reduction of side effects after chemotherapy.
The alcohol tincture "Echinacea" - also an analogue of the drug "Respibron" - has proven itself very well, according to people's reviews. It can be taken by both adults and children. This anti-inflammatory drug is used in the complex treatment of sore throat, influenza, and ARVI.
Since Echinacea tincture contains natural ingredients, it is often recommended for use to stimulate children's health. It perfectly fights viruses and bacteria of various types. It is also prescribed for long-term use of antibiotics to support the body.
The form of release of immunomodulators, as you can see, can be different; an analogue is selected based on the patient’s age and the recommendations prescribed in the instructions.
Instructions for use of Respibron
Instructions are included with each pack. Application does not require much effort, the main thing is to follow the instructions and dosage schedule.
- Dissolve the tablet for 1-2 minutes. You should not eat food for 30 minutes afterward so that the healing components have time to be absorbed into the mucous membrane and have an effect. The duration of use and dosage are determined by the doctor.
- In the presence of acute processes, take 1 lozenge per day. The treatment course lasts 7 days, sometimes they are simply drunk until the symptoms disappear.
- As a preventive measure, tablets should be dissolved 1-2 times a day, in a course of 10 days. After 20 days, repeat the course.
Typically, the maximum duration of therapy is 3 months. An adult dosage is recommended for children over 2 years of age.
