Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Asparkam - what is it?
The drug Asparkam is a drug with antiarrhythmic properties . Used as an additional source of potassium and magnesium, as well as to restore electrolyte balance (if it has been disturbed).
Pharmacodynamics
The therapeutic effects of the drug are determined by the properties of the aspartates included in its composition. Potassium and magnesium in this form easily penetrate into the intracellular space, replenishing the deficiency of potassium and magnesium and restoring the disturbed balance of electrolytes.
Asparkam reduces the conductivity and excitability of the heart, improves its metabolism and its sensitivity to cardiac glycosides and their toxicity. It has a moderate antiarrhythmic effect and helps improve coronary circulation .
Mg2+ ions activate sodium-potassium ATP (adenosine triphosphatase). In this connection, the concentration of Na+ ions in the intracellular space decreases and the flow of K+ ions into the cells increases.
Due to a decrease in the concentration of Na+ ions inside the cell, the exchange of Ca2+ and Na+ ions in the smooth muscles of the vascular walls is inhibited, which leads to their relaxation. K+ ions stimulate the synthesis of adenosine triphosphatase, glycogen, acetylcholine, and proteins.
Penetrating into the cell, aspartate participates in metabolic processes, promotes the formation of amino sugars, amino acids, nitrogen-containing lipids and nucleotides, and also corrects impaired energy metabolism in ischemic heart muscle .
Pharmacodynamics
Absorption of the drug is rapid and complete. Metabolic products are excreted primarily by the kidneys. Serum concentrations of Mg and K reach peak values an hour or two after taking the medicine.
From the bloodstream, the drug enters the muscle cells of the heart in the form of Mg2+, K+ and aspartate ions and is included in metabolic processes there.
“Asparkam” in sports: how and why they use the product
The official instructions for Asparkam indicate that the drug is indicated for replenishing potassium and magnesium deficiency. In athletes, this condition develops after prolonged grueling training. The drug is taken to normalize the balance of electrolytes, maintain heart function under conditions of increased stress, maladaptation (overtraining) and vegetative-vascular or neurocirculatory dystonia.
Another reason for the lack of K and Mg is the frequent loss of electrolytes through sweat and the nutritional habits of athletes: a strict protein diet that allows you to control the growth of muscle mass and the burning of fat deposits. During the metabolism and breakdown of amino acids, nitrogenous bases are released, which are excreted by the kidneys and liver along with potassium and magnesium. This leads to electrolyte imbalance, which is manifested by typical symptoms:
- spasms of the lower and upper extremities;
- increased fatigue;
- poor sleep;
- episodes of tachycardia or arrhythmia.
Athletes and bodybuilders are not always able to compensate for the lack of microelements with food due to dietary restrictions. The only way to regulate the balance of K and Mg is to take medications. "Asparkam" allows you to eliminate the symptoms of overtraining, increase tolerance to physical activity and increase endurance.
Indications for use of Asparkam: what are the tablets taken for and when should the d/i solution be prescribed?
Asparkam tablets - what are they for?
Wikipedia to the question “What are Asparkam tablets for?” answers that the medicine is intended to replenish the deficiency of Mg2+ and K+, including in cases of ischemic heart disease , acute myocardial infarction , CHF , arrhythmia (including those resulting from an overdose of cardiac glycosides ).
The manufacturer's annotation lists the following indications for the use of Asparkam in tablets:
- heart failure;
- post-infarction conditions;
- arrhythmias provoked by electrolyte imbalances (mainly ventricular);
- conditions that are accompanied by hypomagnesium or hypokalemia (including overdose of saluretics ).
The use of Asparkam in tablets also enhances the effectiveness and improves the tolerability of cardiac glycosides. therefore, the drug is often prescribed as a supplement to them.
cerebrovascular pathology ( subarachnoid hemorrhage , cerebral hemorrhage , cerebral infarction is significantly reduced .
In all of the above cases, the drug is prescribed as part of complex therapy.
Monotherapeutic use is indicated for hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia of any origin (including after repeated vomiting, taking laxatives, corticosteroids and non-potassium-sparing (“loop” and thiazide) diuretics). It is advisable to take the drug until the concentration of K+ and Mg2+ ions in the blood normalizes.
Asparkam solution: what is the injection form of the drug used for?
The d/i solution has the same indications for use as the tablet form of Asparkam. It is used as an addition to the main treatment for arrhythmia , heart failure , and MI.
Use of cardiac glycosides during therapy allows minimizing the risk of developing their inherent side effects and overdose of the latter.
Asparkam: what is this medicine used for in sports?
The instructions indicate that Asparkam is intended for the treatment of people with pathologies that are a consequence of K and Mg deficiency. In this case, the question naturally arises: “Why do they drink it in sports?”
According to Sport-Wiki, Asparkam in bodybuilding (and other strength sports) is taken to maintain the heart muscle during prolonged intense physical activity, arrhythmia , neurocirculatory dystonia , as well as maladaptation (conditions that are a consequence of overtraining).
The need to use the drug in athletes is due to the fact that the latter are often susceptible to the development of hypokalemia, which manifests itself in the form of seizures, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmia .
One of the reasons for the loss of potassium in athletes is dietary habits, namely a high-protein diet: the breakdown of proteins also produces toxic substances that heavily “load” the kidneys and liver and for the removal of which the body must receive as much fluid as possible.
At the same time, not only toxins are excreted in the urine, but also inorganic ions (including K+ ions).
The second reason for the development of this condition is the loss of K+ and Mg2+ ions in sweat during intense exercise.
Thus, in bodybuilding, when, due to the characteristics of the diet, athletes cannot always consume a sufficient amount of potassium-rich food, the use of Asparkam is often the only way to compensate for the body’s needs for this mineral element.
With the use of Asparkam, the heart rate decreases, and the pulse during exercise does not exceed the permissible level. In addition, K+ and Mg2+ ions promote muscle relaxation, relieve excessive tension and cramps (the drug is often prescribed for leg cramps), and, therefore, the athlete can achieve better results during training.
As a result, the condition of the heart muscle , as well as its productivity and preparedness for high loads. All this helps reduce the risk of sudden death from cardiac arrest during intense exercise.
Many athletes take the drug in combination with Riboxin .
Indications and contraindications for use
The drug is prescribed as part of a complex treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system (tachycardia, arrhythmia, extrasystole). Asparkam is indicated for patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, suffering from chronic heart failure, and for persons who are indicated for lifelong use of glycosides.
In addition, the medicine can be prescribed to patients who complain of cramps in the calf muscles. However, they were not diagnosed with peripheral circulatory disorders, which often cause muscle spasms.
Asparkam is not prescribed if the patient is diagnosed with the following pathologies:
- signs of acute and chronic renal failure;
- increased levels of potassium and magnesium;
- atrioventricular block;
- myasthenia gravis, occurring in severe form;
- dysfunction of the adrenal cortex;
- a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
- destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis);
- disturbances in the urination process (anuria, oliguria);
- acute acidosis (a shift in the pH of the internal environment of the body to the acidic side).
The drug is prescribed with caution for liver diseases, pulmonary edema, and elevated phosphate levels.
Directions for use and doses
The product is not intended for intramuscular injections. It is used only intravenously. This drug is not used in its pure form. Before administration, it is dissolved in 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride. For one procedure, take 5-10 ml of Asparkam and 100-200 ml of solvent. The dosage is selected by the doctor depending on the severity of the patient’s disease.
Side effects and overdose
The drug is generally well tolerated. Side effects may occur if the product is injected by jet. They manifest themselves as signs of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. These include:
- nausea, vomiting;
- paresthesia (sensation of tingling, burning, numbness and itching in certain parts of the body);
- facial redness and feeling of heat;
- inhibition of reflexes;
- respiratory dysfunction.
All these symptoms are temporary. As the drug is absorbed, their intensity decreases.
There have been no cases of overdose of Asparkam. If the permissible therapeutic doses have been exceeded, the kidneys will remove excess ions from the body. But if the patient has disturbances in the excretory function of these organs, then in case of an overdose, symptoms of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia will quickly develop.
Unlike side effects with jet administration, exceeding the dose due to kidney disease leads to more severe consequences.
In case of an overdose of potassium, the patient experiences general weakness and depression of cardiac and respiratory activity occurs. As a result, the heart rate drops sharply and respiratory paralysis may even develop. High doses of potassium due to renal failure cause death.
Hypermagnesemia is manifested by nausea, vomiting, increased drowsiness, decreased blood pressure, weakness of the heart muscle, blurred vision, and respiratory depression.
This patient's condition requires immediate resuscitation, during which symptomatic treatment is carried out. In more severe cases, the patient is indicated for hemodialysis.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated in:
- hypersensitivity to its constituent substances;
- acute renal failure and chronic renal failure;
- oliguria , anuria ;
- hypocorticism;
- hypermagnesium or hyperkalemia ;
- acute metabolic acidosis;
- cardiogenic shock (when systolic pressure does not exceed 90 mm Hg);
- atrioventricular block (AVB) of II-III degree;
- myasthenia gravis;
- hemolysis;
- dehydration.
Additional contraindications for parenteral use of the drug are childhood, severe liver failure , risk of edema, metabolic acidosis .
Asparkam should be used with caution in pregnant and lactating women, with urolithiasis (associated with impaired metabolism of ammonium phosphate, Ca2+ and Mg2+), hypophosphatemia, and grade I AVB.
Side effects
Side effects with the use of Asparkam rarely develop.
When taking tablets, the following are possible:
- disorders of the digestive system, which manifest themselves in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, burning sensation in the epigastric region, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, bleeding into the lumen of the stomach, small or large intestine, ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa, dry mouth;
- cardiovascular disorders , manifested in the form of decreased blood pressure, AVB, myocardial ;
- disorders of the nervous system (usually paresthesia , convulsions, hyporeflexia );
- hypersensitivity reactions (itching, rash, redness of the facial skin);
- symptoms of hypermagnesemia (respiratory depression, feeling hot).
of hyperkalemia ( paresthesia , diarrhea, nausea, vomiting) and/or hypermagnesemia ( hyporeflexia , facial redness, feeling of heat, convulsions, respiratory depression) may occur
Instructions for use of Asparkam
Asparkam tablets: instructions for use
Asparkam tablets are taken orally after meals. The daily dose for an adult is 3-6 tablets. It should be divided into three doses.
The duration of the course depends on the nature and course of the disease.
Asparkam solution: instructions for use
The solution is intended exclusively for intravenous administration. For drip infusion, 10-20 ml of Asparkam (contents of 2-4 ampoules) are diluted in 50-200 ml of isotonic glucose solution. Infusion rate - 25 drops/min. The highest single dose of Asparkam is 20 ml. If necessary, administration of the drug is repeated after 4-6 hours.
When using a jet infusion, the infusion rate should not exceed 5 ml/min. The infusion solution is prepared by dissolving 10 ml of the drug in 20 ml of isotonic glucose solution or sterile water for injection.
The duration of the course is 5 days.
How should athletes take Asparkam tablets?
Athletes are recommended to take the medicine three times a day, 1-2 tablets. Sometimes the tablets are taken immediately before training (about an hour before it starts). Single dose - 2-3 tablets. It is believed that in this way it is possible to compensate for the loss of potassium through sweat).
How to take Asparkam with Riboxin to prevent hypokalemia?
If Asparkam is used in combination with Riboxin , both drugs are taken three times a day. The dosage of Asparkam is one tablet, Riboxin is two tablets for each dose.
The course of use of each drug individually or their combination can be repeated every 90 days.
Instructions for use of Asparkam for children: indications for use in pediatrics
In pediatrics, Asparkam is used to replenish potassium deficiency in children over 12 months of age.
If, based on the results of a blood test for ions, hypokalemia , then, regardless of the reasons that led to the development of this condition, the child is prescribed Asparkam tablets.
Parenteral administration of the drug is allowed only in case of a threat to life.
Signs of hypokalemia in children are:
- drowsiness;
- lethargy;
- drop in blood pressure;
- tachycardia;
- arrhythmia;
- muscle weakness.
In infants, hypokalemia may be indicated by increased formation of gases in the intestinal lumen, poor breastfeeding, dry skin, frequent regurgitation and/or vomiting.
The causes of hypokalemia in a child can be:
- diarrhea for at least 24 hours;
- repeated vomiting;
- severe liver/kidney pathologies;
- pathologies of the digestive system;
- intravenous administration of solutions of proteins, glucose, salts without potassium;
- use of GCS;
- use of non-potassium-sparing diuretics .
If the child has recently been exposed to the above factors of hypokalemia , it is recommended to conduct a study of the electrolyte composition of the blood and determine the serum potassium concentration.
If it turns out to be low or corresponds to the lower limit of the norm, the child is prescribed a course of treatment with Asparkam in an individual dosage.
In pediatric practice, the drug is also used to relieve arrhythmia caused by inflammatory damage to the myocardium , which developed as a complication of a bacterial or viral infection.
The dosage of Asparkam for children is selected depending on age. The course usually lasts from 7 to 14 days.
Children under 12 months of age should be given ¼ tablet/day. (the entire dose is taken at one time), children from one to 3 years old - ½ tablet/day, from 3 to 6 years old - ½ tablet. twice a day, from 7 to 10 years - ½ tablet. three times a day.
Dose for children 11-12 years old - 1 tablet. once or twice a day, for children 13-16 years old - 1 tablet. twice a day. From the age of sixteen, the drug is prescribed to take one tablet three times a day.
The dosages indicated are approximate. In each specific case, the treatment regimen is selected by the doctor taking into account the characteristics of the child.
For children taking non-potassium-sparing diuretics or corticosteroids, the doctor also prescribes Asparkam in addition to them to avoid the development of hypokalemia . Recommendations on how to take Furosemide with Asparkam or Prednisolone with Asparkam in a given case can only be given by your attending physician.
How to take Asparkam in combination with Diacarb?
The combination of Asparkam and Diacarb is one of the most frequently prescribed to children.
Diacarb is a drug with a diuretic and anti-edematous effect , which is used to treat glaucoma , mountain sickness , epilepsy , and edema syndrome .
as a diuretic , much more often it is prescribed for cardiopulmonary insufficiency , which develops against the background of a number of lung diseases (for example, emphysema ), for intracranial hypertension (including children under one year old), for an acute attack of glaucoma , which is accompanied by severe headaches, as well as to eliminate the consequences of brain injuries .
Dr. Komarovsky notes that indications for prescribing the combination of “Asparkam and Diacarb” to infants are also some forms of hydrocephalus .
The use of Asparkam allows you to compensate for the side effects of Diacarb , which, according to the instructions, can manifest themselves in the form of muscle weakness, decreased K concentration in the blood serum, tinnitus, paresthesia, skin hyperemia, convulsions, metabolic acidosis , hematuria , nephrolithiasis , hemolytic anemia , disorientation , agranulocytosis , drowsiness, disturbances of touch, leukopenia , allergic reactions .
By supplying cells with potassium and the energy necessary for their normal functioning, Asparkam reduces the increased alkalinity of the blood and minimizes the risk of developing severe adverse reactions.
Since the diuretic effect of Diacarb quickly decreases with long-term use, this drug is prescribed to be taken in short courses (usually 2-4 days) at intervals of several days. Children under one year of age are given the medicine ¼ tablet/day. (the tablet is given to the child in the morning, before meals). Asparkam in the dosage recommended by the doctor (usually ¼ tablet) is given on the day of taking Diacarb.
Reviews from mothers and doctors indicate that treatment according to this regimen is the most effective way to remove excess fluid from the body without complications. If necessary, it can be lengthy.
How to take the drug for a hangover?
Since alcohol helps remove fluid from the body, it therefore also removes the substances it needs. In particular, potassium and magnesium. Mg deficiency leads to saturation of the blood with calcium, and this, in turn, causes chills, increased nervous excitability, the development of muscle weakness, and heart problems.
To eliminate hangover symptoms, take 1-2 Asparkam tablets after meals.
To provide drug treatment at home, it is justified to use the drug only in the complex treatment of alcohol intoxication. It has no value as an emergency treatment.
Asparkam
What is asparkam used for? It is a medicine, a source of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg).
A little history
The physiological role has been studied by scientists throughout the last century. In the 50s, work began on aspartic acid as one of the possible carriers of these electrolytes.
Soon Asparkam was synthesized, and the Hungarian company Gedeon Richter - its no less famous analogue Panangin. Currently, these drugs are widely used in clinical practice in Russia and abroad.
Active ingredients
The active substances are salts of the aspartic amino acid (aspartates or asparaginates) - K asparaginate (Kalii asparaginas) and Mg asparaginate (Magnii asparaginas).
The chemical formula of K aspartate is C4H6K2NO4, magnesium aspartate is C8H11MgN2O8.
Mechanism of action
K and Mg, along with sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, and calcium, are the most important electrolytes in our body. They are referred to as the so-called. macroelements.
Unlike microelements, which are contained in negligible quantities, macroelements are included in almost all cellular and tissue structures, and not a single physiological process can occur without them.
The content of electrolytes varies in different environments of the body. Some of them are found in large quantities inside cells, others, on the contrary, in the extracellular space, in blood plasma and other biological fluids. In this regard, intracellular and extracellular electrolytes are distinguished.
The main intracellular electrolytes are sodium, and to a lesser extent chlorine. K and Mg are predominantly found inside the cell. The difference or gradient in electrolyte concentrations on either side of the cell membrane is achieved by a physiological mechanism better known as the sodium-potassium pump.
The essence of its work is to push sodium out of the cell, and K into the cell, against the concentration gradient of these ions. The operation of the sodium-potassium pump is ensured by the enzyme sodium-potassium ATPase using the energy generated by the breakdown of ATP molecules.
A change in the permeability of the cell membrane to K ions underlies the conduction of an impulse along a nerve fiber. Each nerve fiber is a long extension of a nerve cell (neuron).
A nerve impulse is an electrical current of low strength, and its passage is accompanied by a change in the electrical charge on both sides of the nerve fiber membrane.
In this case, K leaves the cell (in this case, from the cytoplasm of the fiber) outward for a short time, along a concentration gradient. Since K is a positively charged ion (cation), its passage through the membrane is accompanied by the fact that the outer part of the membrane is charged positively, and the inner part is charged negatively due to its loss.
This is how the transmembrane potential is formed - the difference in electrical charges on both sides of the membrane. Then K re-enters the cell at this section of the fiber, and at neighboring sections the transmembrane potential is again formed - the electrical impulse moves further.
Potassium not only ensures the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers, but also its transmission through synapses, contacts between fibers and neurons, as well as the transmission of nerve impulses from nerve fibers to muscle cells. Potassium, together with calcium, is involved in the formation of contractions of smooth and skeletal muscles and regulates vascular tone.
Potassium and sodium are the most important macroelements that regulate acid-base and water-electrolyte balance in the body.
Under the influence of K, the smooth muscles of blood vessels relax, which leads to the expansion of the vascular lumen and the elimination of spasm, reducing blood pressure (BP). True, its hypotensive effect is weakly expressed. However, the expansion of cerebral and coronary (heart) vessels is accompanied by an improvement in blood supply to the brain and myocardium.
This prevents such dangerous diseases as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. K ensures the functioning of the conduction system of the heart and the correct heart rhythm.
Under its influence, the heart rate is normalized, myocardial excitability is reduced, rhythm disturbances - extrasystoles, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter are prevented.
These types of arrhythmias often develop during myocardial infarction, heart failure, and also during an overdose of cardiac glycosides (glycoside intoxication). Cardiac glycosides are drugs that are used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
Inside the cell, it participates in metabolic processes and ensures the synthesis of many substances, including glycogen and acetylcholine. An increase in the permeability of the cell membrane for K ions is accompanied by its release into the extracellular space. Instead of potassium, sodium ions penetrate into the cell, and along with them water, which leads to cell death.
Massive cell death (cytolysis) is accompanied by the release of K into the extracellular space and an increase in its content in the blood plasma - hyperkalemia. However, in clinical practice, a decrease in potassium levels is most often observed - hypokalemia.
This condition is manifested by a decrease in muscle strength and tone. Sensitivity is also impaired. Due to inhibition of neuromuscular transmission, paralysis and paresis (partial paralysis) in the muscles are possible. Patients complain of general weakness and difficulty breathing. Intestinal motility is reduced.
Arrhythmias occur, heart failure worsens, and the risk of myocardial infarction increases. In especially severe cases, with severe hypokalemia, convulsive syndrome, depression of consciousness, respiratory failure and paralytic intestinal obstruction develop.
Hypokalemia is most often caused by increased removal of K from the body due to diarrhea, repeated vomiting, excessive sweating, and metabolic disorders.
Stimulation of urination (diuresis) by certain diuretics, in particular loop diuretics, is accompanied by loss of potassium in the urine. In rare cases, hypokalemia is the result of an unbalanced diet with a deficiency of K in the food taken.
In addition, this condition can occur when there is a massive influx of K into the cell. At the same time, its content in the blood plasma decreases. Some drugs help this happen. Insulin and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulants, along with other effects, provide intracellular transport of K.
Mg also promotes the penetration of K into the cell. This intracellular electrolyte is involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, ensures the biosynthesis of protein, nucleic acids, cell division, and catalyzes many biochemical enzymatic reactions.
Under the influence of Mg, muscle tone is normalized and the lumen of blood vessels expands. At the level of the central nervous system, it has an anti-stress and sedative effect. In this regard, it is called the elements of tranquility. Its deficiency, hypomagnesemia, is the result of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract when its absorption is impaired.
Increased excretion of Mg by the kidneys in renal diseases, overdose of diuretics, also leads to hypomagnesemia. The same is observed in diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, hyperaldosteronism, and some other endocrine disorders.
Clinically, hypomagnesemia is manifested by general weakness, increased irritability, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and heart rhythm disturbances. Severe hypomagnesemia can result in death due to cardiac arrest.
It helps replenish potassium and magnesium deficiency. In order for these ions to penetrate the cell membrane against a concentration gradient, a special carrier is needed. This is aspartic acid, one of the 20 amino acids that provide protein biosynthesis.
In addition, aspartic acid is involved in many biochemical processes, in particular in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in ATP synthesis. The penetration of K and Mg into the cell eliminates the signs of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
Cardiac conductivity is normalized, coronary and cerebral vessels dilate, the development of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, and life-threatening arrhythmias is prevented. In addition, K has a diuretic effect. However, this effect is weakly expressed.
At the same time, it should be borne in mind that an excess of K and Mg is no less dangerous for the body than its deficiency. With hyperkalemia, the risk of arrhythmias increases again. Cardiac conduction slows down and the strength of heart contractions decreases.
Due to spasm of the coronary arteries, the likelihood of developing myocardial infarction increases. Excess K causes acidosis - a shift in the acid-base balance to the acidic side. Severe hypermagnesemia can cause cardiac arrest.
In addition, Mg is a functional antagonist of another macronutrient, calcium. Excess magnesium can lead to calcium deficiency and the associated consequences of increased bone fragility due to osteoporosis, as well as impaired muscle tone and cramps.
With proper dosing of Asparkam and other similar drugs, these violations are rarely observed. However, there are conditions manifested by hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia. Given the fact that K and Mg are excreted by the kidneys, kidney failure automatically leads to excess of these electrolytes.
Hyperkalemia is often caused by cytolysis syndrome in massive injuries, burns, cerebral strokes, hemolysis (destruction) of red blood cells, and malignant tumors. It accompanies some endocrine diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus and hypoaldosteronism (a disorder of the synthesis of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands).
Hypermagnesemia, in addition to renal failure, can develop while taking certain medications, in particular laxatives and antacids that reduce the acidity of gastric juice. All this must be taken into account when prescribing it. And in order to avoid negative consequences, before prescribing the drug it is necessary to determine the content of K and Mg in the blood plasma.
Synthesis technology
K and Mg aspartate are obtained through the reaction of D, L-aspartic acid and potassium and magnesium hydroxide. The reactions take place in an aqueous medium with heating and stirring. Next, the resulting salts in the form of a crystalline precipitate are isolated using ethyl alcohol, dried and sifted.
Then, during the production of tablets, equal amounts of K and Mg aspartate are mixed with starch, moistened with starch paste and Tween-80. After this, the existing raw material is granulated and dried, dusted with a mixture of calcium stearate and magnesium, granulated again, and then packaged in tablet form.
Intake forms
- Tablets containing 175 mg K aspartate and Mg aspartate.
- Ampoules of 5 and 10 ml of a 5% solution containing 10 ml of 450 mg K aspartate and 400 mg Mg aspartate.
- Solution for intravenous drips (infusions), Asparkam-L in 400 ml bottles. 1 liter of solution contains 11.6 g of K aspartate and 7.9 g of Mg aspartate.
The most famous patented analogue of Asparkam is the Hungarian Panangin from Gedeon Richter, produced in the form of ampoules and tablets. The content of K and Mg aspartate in the ampoules is exactly the same.
But in tablets there are certain differences, although insignificant. Panangin contains K and Mg hemihydrate. In terms of K aspartate this is 158 mg, and in terms of Mg aspartate it is 140 mg.
The German company Berlin-Chemie provides K and Mg aspartate in the form of an infusion solution in 250 ml bottles. 1 liter of solution contains 15.16 g of D,L-aspragic acid, 1.116 g of Mg oxide and 3.854 g of K hydroxide. In addition, K and Mg, in combination with other ingredients, are contained in numerous dietary supplements.
Indications
- Heart failure;
- Myocardial infarction;
- Ventricular arrhythmias;
- Taking certain medications, in particular cardiac glycosides, glucocorticoids and diuretics;
- Other conditions accompanied by an imbalance of K and Mg are intoxication, shock, infectious diseases, and previous surgical interventions.
Dosages
The acidic environment of the stomach reduces the effectiveness of Asparkam. Therefore, 1-2 tablets are taken orally after meals 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 3 tablets 3 times a day.
The contents of the ampoules are administered intravenously by drip, having previously dissolved it in saline, 5% glucose, or other colloidal or saline solutions. The most preferred so-called. polarizing mixture - a combination of 5% glucose, insulin and potassium, in this case Asparkam.
For 200-400 ml of 5% glucose, it is recommended to add 5-10 ml of Asparkam. Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of glucose and K. Infusions are carried out at an approximate rate of 20 drops per minute.
Asparkam, like Panangin, cannot be administered by bolus. With rapid intravenous administration, severe hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia may occur. The duration of intravenous infusions and tablets varies and depends on the indications. The course of taking tablets is usually 3-4 weeks. After a short break it can be repeated.
Pharmacodynamics
Considering the fact that K and Mg are intracellular electrolytes, there are no clear pharmacodynamic data regarding Asparkam. It is only known that K and Mg are quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and then excreted by the kidneys.
Side effects
- Cardiovascular system: slowing of atrioventricular conduction, paradoxical extrasystole;
- Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea;
- Others: facial redness, respiratory depression, tendon reflexes, convulsions, decreased blood pressure.
All these side effects develop with an overdose.
Contraindications
- Atrioventricular block of any degree;
- Cardiogenic shock with systolic (upper) blood pressure less than 90 mm. Hg Art.;
- Myasthenia;
- Acute and chronic renal failure;
- Addison's disease;
- Hemolytic anemia;
- Violation of aspartic amino acid metabolism;
- Metabolic acidosis;
- Any other conditions accompanied by hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia.
Interaction with other drugs
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, Cyclosporine, Heparin, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme) - severe hyperkalemia, manifested by extrasystoles and cardiac arrest;
- Glucocorticosteroids – eliminates the hypokalemia caused by them;
- Neomycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Polymyxin B – decreased effectiveness of these antibiotics;
- Calcium chloride, gluconate and other calcium preparations – decreased effectiveness;
- Anesthetics – enhancing the inhibitory effect of Mg on the central nervous system;
- Depolarizing muscle relaxants – increased neuromuscular blockade;
- Citriol – hypermagnesemia;
- Astringent and enveloping drugs slow down absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Pregnancy and lactation
No negative effects of Asparkam on the body of the fetus and newborn have been established. Therefore, the drug can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding. At the same time, pregnancy is often complicated by water and electrolyte disturbances.
Therefore, the prescription of Asparkam to this category of patients should be accompanied by monitoring of the electrolyte composition of the blood. The drug is prescribed with extreme caution in the first trimester of pregnancy and for late toxicosis (preeclampsia), which often occurs with impaired renal function.
Storage
It is stored at temperatures from 15 to 300C. Shelf life for tablets is 5 years, for ampoules and vials – 3 years. The drug can be dispensed without a doctor's prescription.
Author: Andrey Anatolyevich Dotsenko
Last modified: 2020-12-9 Date of writing: 2015-12-3
Overdose
In case of an overdose of Asparkam, symptoms of hyperkalemia (diarrhea, nausea, the appearance of a metallic taste in the mouth, paresthesia of the extremities , abdominal pain, weakness, bradycardia , muscle paralysis , disorientation) and symptoms of hypermagnesemia ( hypotension, thirst , redness of the facial skin, nervous disorders) may theoretically develop. -muscle transmission, hyporeflexia , arrhythmia , convulsions, respiratory depression).
The ECG can record:
- expansion of the ventricular complex;
- low P wave voltage;
- high T wave voltage.
If signs of overdose appear, treatment with Asparkam is stopped, and the patient is prescribed an injection of calcium chloride (dose - 100 mg/min) and, if necessary, hemodialysis peritoneal dialysis can be performed as an alternative ).
Interaction
Use in combination with ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics , Cyclosporine and beta-blockers can cause the development of hyperkalemia and an increased inhibitory effect on intestinal contractility.
Asparkam slows down the absorption of oral medications tetracyclines , sodium fluoride and iron salts (a three-hour interval must be maintained between doses of these medications).
Potentiates the effects of drugs that stimulate trophic processes in the heart muscle ; prevents the development of hypokalemia during the use of corticosteroids, saluretics , cardiac glycosides ; reduces the severity of the cardiotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides .
In combination with peripherally acting muscle relaxants ( Dexamethonium , Atracurium , Suxamethonium ), an increase in neuromuscular blockade is noted, while with general anesthetics ( Ketamine , Ftorotan , Hexanal , etc.) the central nervous system is depressed .
Mg preparations reduce the effectiveness of Polymyxin B , Neomycin , streptomycin and Tetracycline . Asparkam in combination with Calcitriol helps to increase the serum concentration of Mg; in combination with calcium preparations, a decrease in the effect of Mg ions is observed.
There are no data on incompatibility for the injection form of the drug.
pharmachologic effect
The drug eliminates the deficiency of potassium and magnesium ions. Thanks to this, there is an antiarrhythmic effect, metabolic processes in the heart muscle are improved, and the balance of electrolytes is normalized. Asparkam solution promotes the penetration of magnesium and potassium ions into the intracellular environment. After this, natural metabolic processes begin. Magnesium reduces the excitability of neurons. At the same time, neuromuscular transmission of impulses slows down.
Magnesium ions also take part in enzymatic reactions and activate the sodium-potassium pump, removing excess Na+ from cells. Potassium stimulates the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid, acetylcholine, proteins and other biologically active substances. Reduces the excitability of the heart muscle.
Magnesium and potassium take part in maintaining normal osmotic pressure in cells and in the processes of conducting nerve impulses. A deficiency of these ions causes impairment of the contractility of skeletal muscles.
special instructions
In patients receiving the drug for a long time, it is necessary to monitor ECG data, as well as serum concentrations of K and Mg.
Rapid intravenous administration of the parenteral form of the drug is contraindicated, since this can provoke the development of hyperkalium and hypermagnesemia and, as a consequence, life-threatening arrhythmia .
With rapid injection into a vein, skin hyperemia may develop.
When taking the drug, it is recommended to take vitamin B6 , since Mg is absorbed in the body only in its presence.
Analogs
Level 4 ATC code matches:
Magnefar
Magnesium orotate
Magnerot
Panangin
Analogues of Asparkam are the drugs Aspangin , Asparkam-L , Potassium and magnesium asparaginate Berlin-Chemie , Potassium and magnesium asparaginate , Asparkam-Ferrein , Asparkam-UBF , Panangin , Panangin Forte .
Which is better Asparkam or Panangin?
Panangin, like Asparkam, is a potassium and magnesium preparation. One Panangin contains 140 mg of anhydrous Mg aspartate and 158 mg of anhydrous K aspartate. The concentration of K+ in 1 ml of solution is 10.33 mg, Mg2+ - 3.37 mg.
That is, the differences between Panangin and Asparkam, which may affect the choice of a particular drug, are:
- dosage of active and composition of auxiliary components;
- release form (Panangin tablets are coated, which makes them lighter and also prevents damage to tooth enamel);
- price ( Panangin is a more expensive analogue of Asparkam; it is produced by the company Gedeon Richter).
Reviews from patients indicate that the drugs do not differ in effectiveness, but Panangin , according to subjective sensations, is less likely to provoke drowsiness.
Asparkam during pregnancy
data on the negative effects of potassium and magnesium aspartate on the fetus/child. The use of tablets during pregnancy and lactation is possible if the doctor considers that the benefit to the mother’s body outweighs the risk to the fetus/child.
The drug is not used for preventive purposes in pregnant women, as this can cause an imbalance of ions in the blood and severe complications of pregnancy (including pregnancy loss).
With high blood pressure and fluid retention in the body, it is advisable to use Furosemide and Asparkam. The first is a potent diuretic and is very effective in edematous syndrome , but it also removes potassium from the body, which is necessary to ensure its normal functioning. Asparkam prevents the loss of potassium.
If a woman suffers from frequent vomiting or diarrhea, the doctor may recommend taking Asparkam in short courses (lasting 7 to 14 days). Typically, one tablet is taken three times a day for 7 days after two episodes of vomiting.
If it is necessary to use Asparkam during lactation, it is necessary to resolve the issue of stopping breastfeeding.
Special instructions and precautions
Jet injection of the drug should not be allowed. Use only for intravenous infusions.
Since Asparkam contains magnesium and potassium aspartate, it is used with caution in conditions complicated by hyperkalemia, such as acute dehydration. In addition, all the pros and cons should be reconsidered when prescribing the drug to persons who have been diagnosed with extensive tissue damage. This includes third- and fourth-degree burns.
Use in children
There is not enough information on the use of Asparkam in pediatric practice. There are no data from laboratory and clinical studies. Therefore, it is not recommended to prescribe the drug to patients under 18 years of age.
During pregnancy and lactation
Medical sources do not record cases of negative effects of the drug on the fetus. It is prescribed during pregnancy after an analysis has been made between the benefits of treatment and the potential risks.
There is no data on whether Asparkam passes into breast milk. Therefore, it is better to avoid using injections during lactation.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and other potentially dangerous mechanisms
In therapeutic doses, the drug does not affect the control of machinery and vehicles. Conditions caused by increased levels of potassium and magnesium are dangerous, as they are characterized by drowsiness and decreased concentration.
Interaction with other drugs
If the drug is taken simultaneously with potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, heparin, NSAIDs and cyclosporine antibiotics, the risk of developing hyperkalemia will increase.
Asparkam increases the bioavailability of cardiac glycosides.
Do not mix the drug with solvents not specified in the instructions for use.
Terms of sale and storage
The drug is available from pharmacies with a prescription.
The medicine is stored in cardboard packaging, protected from light.
Do not use after the permissible storage period has expired.
Reviews about Asparkam
Reviews about Asparkam on forums, as well as reviews from doctors, are positive in almost 100% of cases. The medicine is excellent for treating conditions caused by a deficiency of magnesium and potassium in the body. In particular, it promotes faster recovery after a concussion, eliminates leg cramps, and normalizes heart function.
The main part of the reviews concerns the use of the drug for cardiac diseases . Patients who took Asparkam for organic and functional heart lesions note that during treatment their tolerance to emotional and physical stress significantly increased, manifestations of tachycardia and a number of other unpleasant symptoms disappeared, and laboratory parameters normalized.
The drug allows people with functional disorders of the cardiovascular system of the heart muscle for high loads.
The medicine helps with leg cramps (including in pregnant women) and muscle strain, and also helps reduce the severity of unpleasant PMS symptoms.
Some women leave reviews about using Asparkam for weight loss. The pills, of course, do not reduce the volume of body fat, but they minimize the negative effects of diuretics, which are used for weight loss. In addition, Mg preparations have the ability to reduce cravings for sweets, which can also benefit your figure.
A separate group of reviews are reviews of Asparkam and Diakarb for children. The combination is used to treat neurological disorders in children of the first year of life. Indications for its use are ICP, consequences of brain injuries , cysts in the ventricles of the brain , hydrocephalus , glaucoma , etc.
Most mothers note that after using Diacarb, the child very quickly (within 20-40 minutes) calms down and falls asleep peacefully. Asparkam reduces the risk of developing side effects typical of diuretics and serves as an additional source of K and Mg in the body.
Indications for use
- Heart failure;
- Coronary heart disease (CHD);
- Post-infarction period;
- Heart rhythm disturbances (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial and ventricular extrasystole) caused by various reasons, including myocardial infarction and overdose of cardiac glycosides;
- Digitalis intoxication (poor tolerance or poisoning with cardiac glycosides).
In addition, Asparkam as an independent drug is indicated for use in cases of hypokalemia (potassium content in the blood is below normal) and hypomagnesemia (magnesium content in the blood is below normal) of any origin. For hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia, Asparkam is used until the concentration of magnesium and potassium ions in the blood normalizes. You should know that Asparkam can be used to eliminate potassium and magnesium deficiency of any origin, for example, after repeated vomiting, diarrhea, taking non-potassium-sparing diuretics (for example, Furosemide), laxatives and glucocorticosteroids.
In addition, it is necessary to separately highlight recommendations (which can be conditionally considered indications for use) for the use of Asparkam in sports:
- Prolonged and intense physical activity;
- Overtraining;
- Cardiopsychoneurosis;
- Heart rhythm disturbance.
Asparkam price
The price of Asparkam tablets in Russia is from 50 rubles. You can buy a solution for an average of 75 rubles.
In Ukrainian pharmacies the price of Asparkam in tablets is from 7.25 UAH, solution - from 13 UAH.
- Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
ZdravCity
- Asparkam-L solution for intravenous administration.
10 ml 10 pcs. PJSC Biosintez 105 rub. order - Asparkam l solution for inf fl 200 mlBiosynthesis JSC
RUB 1,677 order
- Asparkam-l solution for intravenous administration amp 5 ml No. 10 PAO Biosintez
68 RUR order
- Asparkam avexima tab. n56JSC Irbitsky Chemical Plant
94 RUR order
- Asparkam tablets 20 pcs. Pharmstandard-Leksredstva OJSC
46 RUR order
Pharmacy Dialogue
- Asparkam tablets No. 50 5x10Health/Ukraine
47 RUR order
- Asparkam Avexima (tab. No. 56) Irbitsky Chemical Plant
102 RUR order
- Asparkam (tab. No. 56)Updating PFC CJSC
110 rub. order
- Asparkam (tab. No. 50) Medisorb
61 rub. order
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Pharmacy24
- Asparkam No. 50 tablets PAT "Khimfarmzavod" Chervona Zirka", Kharkov, Ukraine
12 UAH. order - Asparkam 10 ml N10 injection solution PAT "Galichfarm", Ukraine
31 UAH order
- Asparkam 20 ml No. 10 injection solution PAT "Farmak", Ukraine
74 UAH order
- Asparkam 5 ml No. 10 solution PAT "Galichfarm", Ukraine
20 UAH order
- Asparkam 10 ml N10 injection solution PAT "Farmak", Ukraine
44 UAH order
PaniPharmacy
- Asparkam ampoule Asparkam injection solution ampoules 20ml No. 10 Ukraine, Farmak OJSC
84 UAH order
- Asparkam tablet. 0.5 No. 50 Ukraine, Health LLC
13 UAH order
- Asparkam ampoule Asparkam injection solution ampoules 10ml No. 10 Ukraine, Farmak OJSC
48 UAH order
- Asparkam solution d/in. amp. 10ml No. 10 Ukraine, Galichfarm JSC
37 UAH order
- Asparkam tablet. 0.5 No. 10 Ukraine, Red Star JSC
3 UAH order
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